Table 1.

Participants recruited per site and phase (IDIs/FGDs)

Data collection phase	DRC			Nigeria			Madagascar			Mozambique			Total
	Kenge	Bulungu	Kunda	Ohaukwu	Akure south	Bosso	Mananjary	Toliary II	Vohipeno	Nhamatanda	Meconta	Murrupula
I 2018	155	180	N/A*	80	80	N/A*	47	48	N/A*	104	103	N/A*	797
II 2019	175	166	207	139	138	138	67	76	75	N/A†	75	79	1335
III 2020	61	59	70	53	56	58	48	49	49	36	36	37	612
IV 2021	48	47	47	41	48	49	40	42	42	29	30	28	491

*Although TIPTOP was piloted in three areas per country, in the early phases of the study research activities were planned to be conducted only in two areas per country. In order to strengthen the scientific value of the results, the third project area was included in the study design after the first phase of data collection.

†No fieldwork was carried out in Nhamatanda in 2019 due to cyclone Idai.

DRC, Democratic Republic of Congo; FGDs, focus group discussions; IDIs, in-depth interviews; NA, not available; TIPTOP, ransforming IPTp for Optimal Pregnancy.