Table 6.
Overall multivariate bacterial infection risk factor model
| Neonatal factors | + Maternal factors | + Birth procedure factors | + Environmental factors | + Demographic factors | ||||||
| Relative risk | 95% CrI | Relative risk | 95% CrI | Relative risk | 95% CrI | Relative risk | 95% CrI | Relative risk | 95% CrI | |
| Sylhet, Bangladesh | 1.00 | . | 1.00 | . | 1.00 | . | 1.00 | . | 1.00 | . |
| Karachi, Pakistan | 1.23 | 0.95 to 1.60 | 1.28* | 0.98 to 1.68 | 1.29 | 0.98 to 1.69 | 1.62** | 1.18 to 2.26 | 1.49* | 1.06 to 2.09 |
| Matiari, Pakistan | 0.86 | 0.65 to 1.12 | 0.87 | 0.66 to 1.15 | 0.81 | 0.61 to 1.08 | 0.91 | 0.67 to 1.24 | 0.92 | 0.67 to 1.25 |
| Vellore, India | 1.35* | 0.95 to 1.91 | 1.65* | 1.11 to 2.47 | 1.67* | 1.12 to 2.50 | 1.96** | 1.26 to 3.04 | 1.84* | 1.18 to 2.88 |
| Odisha, India | 2.81*** | 2.17 to 3.63 | 3.21*** | 2.42 to 4.26 | 3.06*** | 2.30 to 4.08 | 3.47*** | 2.44 to 4.94 | 3.47*** | 2.42 to 4.96 |
| Birth weight (>2500 g baseline) | ||||||||||
| Low birth weight <2500 g | 1.78*** | 1.47 to 2.16 | 1.78*** | 1.46 to 2.17 | 1.78*** | 1.46 to 2.16 | 1.76*** | 1.45 to 2.15 | 1.73*** | 1.42 to 2.11 |
| Very low birth weight <1500 g | 6.19*** | 4.03 to 9.51 | 6.25*** | 4.07 to 9.60 | 6.24*** | 4.07 to 9.58 | 6.11*** | 3.98 to 9.39 | 5.77*** | 3.73 to 8.94 |
| Male sex | 1.28** | 1.07 to 1.53 | 1.27** | 1.07 to 1.52 | 1.27** | 1.07 to 1.52 | 1.27** | 1.07 to 1.52 | 1.27** | 1.07 to 1.52 |
| Breathing problems at birth | 2.55*** | 2.01 to 3.24 | 2.55*** | 2.01 to 3.24 | 2.53*** | 1.99 to 3.22 | 2.51*** | 1.98 to 3.20 | 2.50*** | 1.96 to 3.18 |
| Antenatal care visits (ANCs) (no visits baseline) | ||||||||||
| 1 ANC visit | 0.81 | 0.58 to 1.14 | 0.82* | 0.58 to 1.15 | 0.85 | 0.60 to 1.19 | 0.86 | 0.61 to 1.21 | ||
| 2 ANC visits | 0.95 | 0.69 to 1.29 | 0.94 | 0.69 to 1.29 | 0.97 | 0.71 to 1.33 | 0.99 | 0.72 to 1.37 | ||
| 3 ANC visits | 1.00 | 0.74 to 1.36 | 0.99 | 0.73 to 1.35 | 1.03 | 0.76 to 1.40 | 1.05 | 0.77 to 1.44 | ||
| 4+ ANC visits | 0.79* | 0.60 to 1.04 | 0.79* | 0.60 to 1.03 | 0.83 | 0.63 to 1.09 | 0.88 | 0.66 to 1.17 | ||
| Prior children (no prior children baseline) | ||||||||||
| 1 child | 0.81 | 0.64 to 1.02 | 0.81* | 0.64 to 1.03 | 0.81* | 0.64 to 1.02 | 0.80 | 0.63 to 1.02 | ||
| 2 children | 0.78 | 0.58 to 1.05 | 0.78 | 0.58 to 1.05 | 0.77* | 0.57 to 1.04 | 0.76 | 0.56 to 1.02 | ||
| 3+ children | 1.09 | 0.86 to 1.37 | 1.09 | 0.86 to 1.38 | 1.07 | 0.84 to 1.35 | 1.03 | 0.81 to 1.32 | ||
| PROM | 1.26* | 1.02 to 1.57 | 1.26* | 1.02 to 1.56 | 1.27* | 1.03 to 1.58 | ||||
| Toilet facilities (flush toilet baseline) | ||||||||||
| Latrine/VIP latrine | 1.27* | 0.97 to 1.66 | 1.15 | 0.86 to 1.53 | ||||||
| Unsanitary or no formal toilet | 1.09 | 0.85 to 1.40 | 0.94 | 0.71 to 1.25 | ||||||
| No handwashing station in home | 1.28* | 0.98 to 1.67 | 1.21 | 0.92 to 1.58 | ||||||
| Socioeconomic status (fifth/top quintile baseline) | ||||||||||
| Fourth quintile | 1.26 | 0.92 to 1.75 | ||||||||
| Third quintile | 1.42* | 1.01 to 1.99 | ||||||||
| Second quintile | 1.41* | 1.00 to 1.97 | ||||||||
| First (bottom) quintile | 1.52* | 1.07 to 2.16 | ||||||||
| Constant | 0.01*** | 0.01 to 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 to 0.01*** | 0.01*** | 0.01 to 0.01 | 0.01*** | 0.00 to 0.01 | 0.00*** | 0.00 to 0.01 |
| Sample variation across imputations | 56 960 to 57 038 | 56 147 to 56 229 | 56 146 to 56 228 | 56 146 to 56 228 | 55 719 to 55 801 | |||||
Exponentiated coefficients.
*P<0.10, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
CrI, credible interval; PROM, premature rupture of membrane.