Table 2.
Logistic regression examining the association between disability as well as education/literacy and the experience of physical IPV and controlling behavior (N = 114,901; strata = 3496; primary sampling unit = 18,935)
| Variables | Physical abuse | Controlling behavior | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3b | Model 4a | Model 5b | Model 6b | |
| Disability | ||||||
| Blind | 1.77* | 1.71* | 1.67* | 1.53* | 1.58* | 1.47* |
| Cognitive/Intellectual (has education but cannot Read) | 1.22** | 1.18** | 1.17** | 1.05 | 1.09 | 1.06 |
| Education and literacy | ||||||
| Secondary education | 1.05 | - | - | 0.95 | - | - |
| Primary education | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 0.95 |
| No education cannot read | 1.21*** | 1.16*** | 1.11** | 1.13** | 1.17*** | 1.02 |
| Can read but no education | 1.06 | 1.02 | 0.98 | 1.28* | 1.33** | 1.18 |
| Some education some reading | 1.27*** | 1.23*** | 1.22*** | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.96 |
| Control variables | ||||||
| Urban | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.99 |
| Wealth index | 0.83*** | 0.83*** | 0.83*** | 0.86*** | 0.86*** | 0.87*** |
| Husband drinks | 2.78*** | 2.78*** | 2.80*** | 1.55*** | 1.55*** | 1.57*** |
| Decision-making index | 0.91*** | 0.91*** | 0.91*** | 0.90*** | 0.90*** | 0.91*** |
| History of family violence | 2.22*** | 2.22*** | 2.23*** | 1.68*** | 1.68*** | 1.71*** |
| Witnessed parental violence | 3.05*** | 3.05*** | 3.14*** | 1.51*** | 1.50*** | 1.62*** |
| Attitudes toward IPV | 1.15*** | 1.15*** | 1.16*** | 1.16*** | 1.16*** | 1.20*** |
| Working status | 1.18*** | 1.18*** | 1.21*** | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.12*** |
| Number of children | 1.13*** | 1.13*** | 1.11*** | 1.09*** | 1.09*** | 1.02* |
| Age at marriage | 0.97*** | 0.97*** | 0.97*** | 0.99** | 0.99** | 0.98*** |
| Age | 1.00* | 1.00* | 1.01*** | 0.99*** | 0.99*** | 0.99** |
| Survey/Interview control variables | ||||||
| Husband interrupted | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.28*** | 1.28*** | 1.37*** |
| Other man interrupted | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.90 |
| Other woman interrupted | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.10 |
| 2019–2021 survey | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.05 | 0.87*** | 0.88*** | 0.93* |
| Not in Hindi or English | 0.76*** | 0.46*** | ||||
| Model fit statistics | ||||||
| Constant | 0.36*** | 0.38*** | 0.42*** | 2.37*** | 2.25*** | 3.13*** |
| F | 225.88*** | 233.62*** | 224.24*** | 95.60*** | 99.66*** | 110.88*** |
| F degrees of freedom | (22, 15,418) | (21, 15,419) | (22, 15,418) | (22, 15,418) | (21, 15,419) | (22, 15,418) |
aReference category for education/literacy measure is higher education
bReference category for education/literacy measure is a combined item capturing higher and secondary education
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001