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. 2022 Nov 1:1–16. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11116-022-10341-5

Table 1.

Model variables and descriptive statistics

Variable Definition Weighted sample (%) Mean commute distance (km)
Migrant status
Stayer Respondent has lived in the same CSD for the past 5 years 82.6 14.1
One-year migrant Respondent has moved to a different CSD in the past 1 year 4.1 19.3
Five-year migrant Respondent has moved to a different CSD in the past 5 years 13.2 17.0
Geographical context
Residential location
CMA Respondent lives in a Census Metropolitan Area 94.3 14.3
CA Respondent lives in a Census Agglomeration 2.3 18.1
Strong MIZ Respondent lives in a Strong MIZ 3.0 24.8
Moderate MIZ Respondent lives in a Moderate MIZ 0.4 21.1
Move type
Urban to urban Respondent moved from an urban area to urban area 15.9 17.2
Rural to urban Respondent moved from a rural area to urban area 0.2 17.8
Rural to rural Respondent moved from a rural area to a rural area 0.6 28.4
Urban to rural Respondent moved from an urban area to a rural area 0.2 34.2
Stayer Respondent did not move in the five years prior to census 82.6 14.1
Labor Market
Employment Status
Full time Respondent is working full-time (≥ 30 h per week) 83.4 15.5
Part Time Respondent is working part-time (< 30 h per week) 16.6 10.7
Occupation
Management Respondent has a management occupation 13.4 16.9
Science Respondent has a natural or applied sciences occupation 8.3 18.4
Sales and Service Respondent has a sales or service occupation 20.8 11.4
Health Respondent has a health occupation 6.8 13.5
Government Respondent has a government occupation 12.1 13.7
Other employment Respondent has an occupation different from the above 38.6 15.7
Demographic & Household
Age 20–24 Respondent is 20–24 years old 5.1 12.7
Age 25–29 Respondent is 25–29 years old 10.2 14.5
Age 30–34 Respondent is 30–30 years old 11.0 14.6
Age 35–39 Respondent is 35–39 years old 11.2 15.1
Age 40–44 Respondent is 40–44 years old 12.2 15.6
Age 45–49 Respondent is 45–49 years old 13.2 15.4
Age 50–54 Respondent is 50–54 years old 14.1 15.3
Age 55–59 Respondent is 55–59 years old 11.5 14.7
Age 60–64 Respondent is 60–64 years old 7.1 13.8
Age 65–69 Respondent is 65–69 years old 2.9 12.7
Age 70+ Respondent is 70 years of age or older 1.4 11.1
Sex
Female Respondent is female 49.8 12.9
Male Respondent is male 50.2 16.4
Household structure
Children Respondent has dependent children (0–18) 52.2 15.8
No children Respondent has no dependent children
Marital Status
Married Respondent is married/common law 67.4 15.5
Single Respondent is single 22.0 12.9
DSW Respondent is divorced, separated, or widowed 10.5 13.5
Transport Mode
Car Respondent primarily used car for commuting 75.8 15.9
Public Transit Respondent primarily used public transit for commuting 17.4 14.2
Active Respondent primarily used active transit for commuting 6.0 2.3
Sample size (weighted) 2,966,960

Notes: All variable definitions are in reference to the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to the 2016 census day. The weighted sample population was calculated based on a weight provided by Statistics Canada. The percentages shown may not sum to 100 due to rounding or in the case of sub-samples