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. 2022 Aug 18;75(3):311–316. doi: 10.5173/ceju.2022.0115
Never <25% >25%, <50% Approx. 50% >50%, <75% >75% Always
Nephrostogram
X-Ray KUB
X-Ray KUB and ultrasound
Digital tomosynthesis
Non-contrast CT
Contrast-enhanced CT
PCNL – percutaneous nephrolithotomy; CIRF – clinically insignificant residual fragment; KUB – kidneys ureters and bladder; CT – computed tomography