Fig. 1. An overview of the experimental design.

The experimental design for evaluating the therapeutic effects of Latilactobacillus curvatus BYB3 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a mouse model. Eighteen mice were divided into three groups (n = 6 each), i.e., the control, DSS, and DSS+BYB3. DSS+BYB3 mice were fed the normal chow diet and drinking water containing 4% DSS and were orally administered 10⁹ colony-forming units (CFU)/ml L. curvatus BYB3 (prepared in 200 μl phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)) for 1 week, i.e., from day 14 to day 21, whereas the DSS group mice were fed the normal chow diet and drinking water containing 4% DSS for 1 week, i.e., from day 14 to day 21, with the simultaneous oral administration of 200 μl of PBS. The control mice were fed the normal chow diet and drinking water and were provided PBS (200 ml) by oral gavage throughout the experiment.