Table 1.

Clinical case definitions for monkeypox applied in the Democratic Republic of the Congo surveillance system and in this study.

DRC clinical case definition for use in health facilities (clinical case definition A inOsadebe et al., 2017)	Any person presenting with sudden onset of high fever followed after a few days by a vesicular-pustular rash predominantly on the face, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet, or presence of at least five variola-like scars
DRC clinical case definition for community surveillance	Any person presenting with fever and a cutaneous rash
Clinical case definition as applied in our study	Any person with an active generalized vesicular-pustular rash (i.e., presenting at least five cutaneous lesions, such as macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, or crusts)
Clinical case definition B (as evaluated inOsadebe et al., 2017)	Any person with a rash with deep-seated/firm lesions AND either febrile prodrome or lymphadenopathy or lesion of palms or soles