Figure 6.

Alda-1 and tacrolimus decrease hepatic mitochondrial depolarization and GFP-LC3 puncta formation after ethanol. GFP-LC3 Tg mice were injected with Alda-1 (50 mg/kg, ip), tacrolimus (2 mg/kg, ig), or vehicle and then gavaged 1 h later with one dose of ethanol (4 g/kg). TMRM and GFP-LC3 fluorescence was detected by intravital multiphoton microscopy after ~4 h, as described for Figure 1. Representative images are shown in A. Bar is 10 µm. Numbers of hepatocytes with polarized and depolarized mitochondria, as well as numbers of GFP-LC3 puncta in all hepatocytes (both with and without mtDepo), were counted in 10 random fields per mouse. The percentage of hepatocytes with mtDepo (B) and the number of GFP-LC3 puncta per cell (C) are plotted. Values are means ± SEM (n = 3–5/per group). *p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01 vs ethanol.