Table 1.
Patient and healthy control characteristics
| COHORT-I |
COHORT-II |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Total cSLE cohort (n = 101) | EMC cohort (n = 49) | AUMC cohort (n = 35) | TCH cohort (n = 12) | RUMC cohort (n = 5) | Adult cSLE cohort (n = 34) | HCs (n = 51) | ||
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Gender | Female | 84 (83.2%) | 41 (83.7%) | 30 (85.7%) | 8 (66.7%) | 5 (100%) | 32 (94.1%) | 40 (78.4%) | |
| Male | 17 (16.8%) | 8 (16.3%) | 5 (14.3%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (5.9%) | 11(21.6%) | ||
| Ethnicity | White | 43 (42.6%) | 25 (51.0%) | 15 (42.9%) | 11 (91.7%) | 2 (40%) | 26 (76.5%) | 45 (88.2%) | |
| Non-white | 58 (57.4%) | 24 (49.0%) | 20 (57.1%) | 1 (8.3%) | 3 (60%) | 8 (23.5%) | 6 (11.8%) | ||
| Age at enrolment (years) | 15.6 (5.1–23) | 15.2 (5.2–18.1) | 16.7 (11.8–23) | 14.4 (5.1–17.2) | 16.1 (15.5–17.6) | 32.4 (18.5–56.4) | 29 (20–65) | ||
| Disease duration at enrolment (years) | 0.51 (0–8.2) | 0.18 (0–6.8) | 1.11 (0–8.2) | 0.04 (0–1.8) | 0.59 (0–4.8) | 15.8 (3.8–40) | |||
| SELENA-SLEDAI at enrolment | 4 (0–27) | 4 (0–18) | 4 (0–27) | 4 (0–15) | 4 (0–10) | 4 (0–14) | |||
| ≤4 | 53 (52.5%) | 25 (51.0%) | 18 (51.4%) | 7 (58.3%) | 3 (60%) | 23 (67.6%) | |||
| 5–7 | 12 (11.9%) | 9 (18.4%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (20%) | 8 (23.5%) | |||
| ≥8 | 36 (35.6%) | 15 (30.6%) | 15 (42.9%) | 5 (41.7%) | 1 (20%) | 3 (8.9%) | |||
| Longitudinal samples | 73 (72.2%) | 43 (87.8%) | 18 (51.4%) | 9 (75%) | 3 (60%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Number of visits (median) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | ||||
| Follow-up time (days) | 344 (29–1542) | 267 (51–1542) | 511 (98–1059) | 91 (29–182) | 120.5 (105–182) | ||||
| Flare | Mild/moderate | 14 (19.2%) | 7 (14.2%) | 6 (17.1%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| Severe | 7 (9.6%) | 1 (2.0%) | 6 (17.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||||
| Treatment at enrolment | |||||||||
| None | 27 (26.7%) | 15 (30.6%) | 8 (22.9%) | 3 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 51 (100%) | ||
| HCQ | 67 (66.3%) | 33 (67.3%) | 24 (68.6%) | 6 (50%) | 4 (80%) | 31 (91.2%) | |||
| MMF | 28 (27.7%) | 16 (32.7%) | 9 (25.7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (60%) | 14 (41.2%) | |||
| MTX | 3 (3.0%) | 2 (4.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (20%) | 2 (5.9%) | |||
| AZA | 8 (7.9%) | 2 (4.1%) | 5 (14.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (47.1%) | |||
| CYC | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (23.5%) | |||
| Prednisone | 29 (28.7%) | 15 (30.6%) | 8 (22.9%) | 4 (33.3%) | 2 (40%) | 31 (91.2%) | |||
| Rituximab | 4 (4.0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (11.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.9%) | |||
| Belumimab | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Data are presented as median (range) or as number (% of total). Non-white ethnicity = Hindu, Suriname, Hispanic, Asian, African American, Mixed. AUMC: Amsterdam University Medical Center; cSLE: childhood-onset SLE; EMC: Erasmus Medical Center; HC: healthy control; RUMC: Radboud University Medical Center; SELENA: Safety of Estrogen in Lupus National Assessment; TCH: Czech Republic Palacky University Olomouc.