Appendix A.

Summary of the systematic reviews on VR and AR applications for older adults.

Studies	Database source	Keywords	Articles and timespan	Focus
Larsen44	Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science	Game, exergames, virtual reality, active video, game-based, digital play, computer-supported collaborative sports, physical training, physical activity, motor activity, leisure activity, physical fitness exercise exertion BMI, vo2max, vo2peak, weight loss, body weight, obesity, sports, kinesiology, physical education, move, prevention, rehabilitation, health promotion, balance, physical function, heart rate, musculoskeletal, energy expenditure, energy metabolism.	7 out of 1861	Exergames have the potential to improve the elderly's physical health.
de Rooij, van de Port32	PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library	Game, gaming, stroke, cerebrovascular accident/disease, brain attack, balance, postural control, mobility, gait, ambulation, walking, lower extremity, endurance.	21 out of 328 From inception until December 1, 2015.	Examine whether virtual reality-based balance and gait training are more effective than traditional balance and gait training in stroke patients.
Li et al.45	PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect	Exergame, Wii, kinect, active video game, social terms, and aging terms.	10 out of 350	Provide an overview of exergames’ social effects on older adults.
Amorim et al.42	MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS, and PEDro	Virtual reality exposure therapy, video game, rehabilitation, physical therapy, elderly, postural balance, proprioception, clinical trial.	10 out of 486, 2010–2016	Summarize the effects of physical therapy interventions utilizing VRT on elderly balance rehabilitation.
Lee et al.19	Google Scholar	Older adult, senior, elder, virtual reality, VR, augmented reality, AR, health and wellness, fun, independent living, social, technologies to support healthy aging.	15 out of 30, 2000	Develop a context and evaluation framework for using augmented and virtual reality technologies to promote older adults’ well-being.
Silva et al.31	ACM, IEEE, Science Direct and Google Scholar	Virtual reality, VR, older users, elderly, senior, older people, old person, old adult, virtual reality.	63 Out of 264 2012–2018	Determine the potential applications of virtual and augmented reality for elderly people and the most frequently used devices.
Kappen et al.46	ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, PubMed, EBSCOhost, SpringerLink, Web of Science, and Scopus	Exergames, older adults, aged, elderly, motivations, digital games and older adult fitness, older adult PA, active older adults, fitness games.	55 out of 530	Identify a taxonomy of exergames being used as technological interventions addressing the physical activities of older adults.
Cacciata et al.37	PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsychInfo and Cochrane	Exergaming, exercise, game, active video, video games, virtual reality, elderly, geriatric, aged, older adults and health-related quality of life	9 out of 213, 2007 to 2017	Examine the effect of exergaming on older adults’ quality of life.
Zheng et al.12	PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library	Frail elderly, virtual reality, kinect, nintendo, Wii, X-box, play-station, play station, Dance revolution, avatar, exergame, video-based game،computer-based game, interactive computer game, health game, commercial game, game-based training.	7 out of 362 until January 15, 2019.	Evaluate whether exergames positively impact physical outcomes in pre-frail and frail older adults and explore user's subjective feelings and compliance.
Wang et al.29	Web of Science	Older adults, the elderly, game-based learning, digital game, educational game, serious game, interactive game, video game, mobile game, computer game, online game, simulation game, motion game, board game, exergames, older adults, the elderly, game-based learning, digital game, educational game, serious game, interactive game, video game, mobile game, computer game, online game, simulation game.	67 out of from 2013 to 2018	Examine and characterize the literature on the mixed impacts of playing digital games on older adults.