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. 2022 Nov 2;8(44):eabo2416. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2416

Fig. 5. Spatial expression of brain axial patterning genes in the ectoderm of sea urchin embryos.

Fig. 5.

(A) Spatial expression of sea urchin regulatory genes that are orthologous to genes associated with the anterior-posterior (A/P) axis of the anterior nervous system in vertebrates, analyzed in sea urchin embryos at 30 hpf. (B) Diagrammatic representation of a 30-hpf embryo summarizing the spatial expression data shown in (A) and fig. S5. Color code as in (A) and (C). (C) Comparison of axial gene expression in Drosophila, hemichordates, sea urchins, and mice indicating a similar order in regulatory gene expression. Expression data for msx and sfrp 1/5 in sea urchins were obtained from (19, 76). Expression data for Drosophila, hemichordates, and mice were obtained from (1, 6, 38, 39, 63, 64, 77). Color code as in (B). (D) Schemes of four bilaterian animal body plans indicating expression of axial patterning genes in respect to the localization of the nervous system. Axial gene expression occurs along the A/P axis of the brain in Drosophila and mice and throughout the ectoderm in hemichordates and sea urchins. P, D, and T, protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, and tritocerebrum; PR, CO, and TR, proboscis, collar, and trunk; OE, AP, and AE, oral ectoderm, apical organ, and aboral ectoderm; F, M, and H, forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Scale bars, 20 μm.