FIGURE 3.
Withaferin A interactions. Withaferin A interactions with multiple intracellular proteins leads to modulation of cancerous activity of cell. Withaferin A has antagonistic activity with NOTCH-1, VEGFR, and JAK/STAT in cytoplasm. In cell’s nucleus, Withaferin A inhibits activity of transcription factors NF-κB, ER-α, and STAT3; preventing transcription of their downstream products. These interactions inhibit cancerous cell activity marked by cell proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, metastasis, and cell invasion.