Table 2. Comparison of Sagittal Balance, Spinal Curvature, Spinopelvic Parameters, and Lower Limb Parameters between WSX and EOS in Sagittally Imbalanced Patients†.
WSX | EOS | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sagittal balance | ||||
C2-C7 SVA (mm) | 21±47.2 | 21.8±15.3 | 0.644 | |
C2-HA (°) | 5.3±6.9 | 5.3±6.3 | 0.973 | |
C7-HA (°) | 5.4±7.0 | 4.9±7.2 | 0.320 | |
C7-SVA (mm) | 58.4±17.0 | 48.9±57.3 | 0.018* | |
TPA (°) | 26.1±13.9 | 22.9±12.0 | 0.002* | |
Spinal curvature (°) | ||||
T1-slope | 21.7±11.1 | 20.9±10.7 | 0.352 | |
C0-C2 angle | -30±10.2 | -28.1±12.8 | 0.461 | |
C2-C7 lordosis | -12.6±14.8 | -8.2±13.7 | 0.008* | |
T2-T5 angle | 9.5±15.9 | 10±9.9 | 0.456 | |
T5-T12 angle | 21±14.4 | 17.7±14.4 | 0.001* | |
T2-T12 angle | 26.6±14.6 | 23.6±14.5 | 0.010* | |
T10-L2 angle | 11.3±10.6 | 8.9±16.7 | 0.133 | |
Spinopelvic parameters (°) | ||||
PI | 54.2±8.7 | 54.6±11.7 | 0.697 | |
LL | -30.5±17.5 | -30.8±15.1 | 0.851 | |
PI-LL | 23.7±9.8 | 23.9±17.3 | 0.837 | |
PT | 27.4±11.6 | 24.9±10.9 | 0.003* | |
SS | 26.5±14.6 | 29.2±8.9 | 0.006* | |
Lower limb parameter (°) | ||||
SFA | 150.4±51.5 | 152.5±23.4 | 0.519 |
WSX, conventional whole spine X-ray; SVA, sagittal vertical axis; TPA, T1-pelvic angle; PI, pelvic incidence; LL, lumbar lordosis; PT, pelvic tilt; SS, sacral slope; SFA, sacrofemoral angle.
Descriptive data are presented as mean±standard deviation.
*p<0.05; †Sagittal imbalanced patients had one of the following conditions: PI-LL >10°, SVA >5 cm, and PT >20° on WSX. Positive values signify an anterior position of the vertical plumb line with respect to the caudal landmark for translation measurements and kyphosis for angular measurements.