Table 1. Characteristics of the population.
| Characteristics | Controls (n = 55) |
Mild cognitive impairment (n = 293) |
Alzheimer’s disease (n = 161) |
Vascular dementia (n = 73) |
Mixed dementia (n = 73) |
P-value |
| Data are presented as means ± SD or n (%). *Refers to the P < 0.05 different from Controls. **Refers to the P < 0.01 different from Controls. †Refers to the P < 0.05 different from mild cognitive impairment. ††Refers to the P < 0.01 different from mild cognitive impairment. | ||||||
| Age, yrs | 77 ± 6 | 78 ± 5 | 80 ± 5**†† | 81 ± 5**†† | 81 ± 5**†† | < 0.001 |
| Females | 26 (47.3%) | 166 (56.7%) | 99 (61.5%) | 51 (69.9%)*† | 55 (75.3%)**†† | 0.004 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.6 ± 3.6 | 21.9 ± 2.7 | 21.1 ± 3.3* | 21.7 ± 3.3 | 20.9 ± 3.5* | 0.005 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 140 ± 15 | 137 ± 19 | 140 ± 21 | 144 ± 24 | 146 ± 23† | 0.008 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 80 ± 10 | 78 ± 13 | 76 ± 12 | 79 ± 13 | 80 ± 13 | 0.281 |
| Mean artery pressure, mmHg | 104 ± 11 | 101 ± 16 | 100 ± 14 | 103 ± 16 | 103 ± 16 | 0.318 |
| Pulse pressure, mmHg | 59 ± 11 | 60 ± 13 | 64 ± 15†† | 66 ± 16*†† | 66 ± 15**†† | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (1.8%) | 31 (10.6%) | 17 (10.6%) | 7 (9.6%) | 7 (9.6%) | 0.364 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 7 (12.7%) | 119 (40.6%)** | 52 (32.3%)** | 18 (24.7%)† | 28 (38.4%)** | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 19 (34.5%) | 145 (49.5%)* | 86 (53.4%)* | 47 (64.4%)**† | 43 (58.9%)** | 0.009 |
| Smoking | 19 (34.5%) | 79 (27.0%) | 40 (24.8%) | 16 (21.9%) | 16 (21.9%) | 0.462 |
| Ankle-brachial index | 1.16 ± 0.06 | 1.17 ± 0.07 | 1.17 ± 0.08 | 1.15 ± 0.07 | 1.15 ± 0.08 | 0.072 |
| Mini-Mental State Examination, score/30 | 28 ± 1 | 27 ± 2 | 18 ± 4**†† | 20 ± 4**†† | 19 ± 4**†† | < 0.001 |
| Instrumental activities of daily living, % | 98 ± 7 | 93 ± 14 | 71 ± 27**†† | 70 ± 27**†† | 70 ± 25**†† | < 0.001 |