Table 7.

Summarises typical cumulative doses and corresponding dose rates estimated for a number of cohorts (as given in (Rühm et al. 2018)), as compared to cumulative external doses and dose rates for the general population taking into account a total exposure from cosmic radiation and cosmogenic radionuclides of 0.39 mSv annual effective dose (typical range: 0.3 – 1.0 mSv/y) and a total external terrestrial radiation exposure of 0.48 mSv annual effective dose (typical range: 0.3 – 0.6 mSv/y) [taken from Table 31 of Annex B of the UNSCEAR 2000 report (UNSCEAR, 2000)]

Exposed population	Cumulative dose	Corresponding dose rate	Remark	Reference
General population	50 – 130 mSv	0.07–0.2 µSv/h	Calculated from annual effective dose from external radiation sources, for world population; cumulative lifetime doses assume an age of 80 years	(UNSCEAR, 2000)
Air crew	< 200 mSv	2 (< 6) µSv/h	Effective dose, mostly from neutrons and protons (which contribute about 60%-80% of the total effective dose depending on flight altitude, latitude and solar activity); Dose rate estimate based on mean annual effective dose and assumed 900 flight hours per year; cumulative dose assumes 40 years of work	(Frasch et al. 2014) Mares et al. (2009) Bottollier-Depois et al. (2009), (Chen and Mares, 2008)
Nuclear workers	20.9 mGy	0.4 µGy/h	Colon dose; dose rate based on mean reported cumulative dose for those with positive recorded dose, average length of follow-up, and assumed 2,000 working hours per year;	Richardson et al. (2015)
Mayak workers	510 (0 – 6800) mGya	< 150 µGy/ha	Personal dose equivalent (Hp(10)); Dose rate estimated based on annual dose and assumed 2,000 working hours per year	Sokolnikov et al. (2015)
Chernobyl workers	160 mGy	320 µGy/h	Personal dose equivalent (Hp(10)); first year after the accident; dose rate calculated based on individual time of employment and assumed continuous exposure	Ivanov et al. (2020a)
High radiation background, Kerala, India	161 mGy	< 1 µGy/h	Mean absorbed colon dose; dose rate estimate based on measurement of a randomly selected subset of the cohort	Nair et al. (2009) Jayalekshmi et al. (2021)
Techa population	400 (0–9,000) mGy	External: 4.3 (< 25) μGy/h Internal: 14 (< 340) μGy/h	Red bone marrow dose (from external and internal exposure, where the internal exposure is mainly from Sr-90); dose rates for 1951 assuming chronic exposure	Krestinina et al. (2013) Davis et al. (2015)
Dwellings containing 60Co contaminated steel, Taiwan	48 (< 1–2,363) mGy	Average about 0.5 to 1 μGy/h	Dose cumulated between 1982 and early 1990s; mean dose rate estimated from period of habitation	Hsieh et al. (2017)

^a Only external exposures have been included