Fig. 3. Tempo results on simulated scRNA-seq with realistic waveforms.

a Distribution of true cycler temporal signal strength, measured according to the likelihood ratio test statistic (LRT) of the true waveform vs. a flat waveform. b Distribution of true cycler 24 h sinusoid component strength, measured according to the circadian fast Fourier transform (FFT) fraction. c eCDFs of the error of Tempo’s cell phase point estimates and d uncertainty calibration when run with the core clock genes alone. e Distribution of de novo cycler temporal signal strength. f Distribution of the strength of the 24 h sinusoidal component for genes called as de novo cyclers by Tempo. g Bivariate distributions of cycler temporal strength and 24 h sinusoidal component strength for true cyclers detected or undetected as de novo cyclers. h eCDFs of the error of Tempo’s cell phase point estimates and i uncertainty calibration when run with the core clock genes and de novo cyclers. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.