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. 2022 Oct 20;16:1031075. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1031075

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Copyright © 2022 Damianidou, Mouratidou and Kyrousi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Utilization of different model systems and approaches in neurodevelopmental research. (A) Modeling of NDDs using in vivo and in vitro model systems. (B) Human-specific iPSC model systems are used for NDD characterization, drug screening and stem cell-based therapies, whereas animal models and human-specific COs can be used for NDD characterization and drug screening, aiming to improve patients’ quality of life. ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder; PH, Periventricular Heterotopia; iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells; NPCs, neural progenitor cells; NDD, Neurodevelopmental disorder.