Amygdala, hippocampus, rACC, and dACC regions segmented (A). There was a significant sex interaction effect (B) for right rostral ACC thickness and 6-month PSS total scores when accounting for scanner site, trauma type, age, and race (t = 3.41, p = 0.001). Female participants showed a significant positive correlation between right rACC thickness and 6-month PSS total scores (r(27) = 0.42, p = 0.02), while male participants did not show a significant correlation (r(44) = −0.22, p = 0.15). To further understand the relationship between right rACC thickness and 6-month PSS, PSS subcategories and depression symptoms were analyzed. Male participants showed a significant negative correlation (C) between right rACC and 6-month depression symptoms (r(42) = −0.37, p = 0.01). Female participants showed a significant positive correlation (D) between right rACC and 6-month avoidance symptoms (r(27) = 0.37, p = 0.04). *p < 0.05.