Figure 1.

Schematic workflow of this review. (A) By focusing on East Asian and White populations, we first reviewed clinical features, including incidence rate, median onset age, gender, and survival differences for adult diffuse glioma. Second, we retrieved GWAS research and reported risk SNPs for both populations. The larger circle in the Venn plot represents a larger enrolled White population. Third, we summarized somatic landscape differences between the ancestry groups. Finally, we discussed the potential significance of ancestry differences in understanding glioma cancer biology and personalized treatment. (B) First (C1, the prefix C indicates comparison), to address differences between the populations from a racial/genetic perspective, regardless of environmental factors, we compared people of East Asian vs. White descent from the same country (mainly the USA or UK). The dashed-line rectangle indicates the same country/environment. Second (C2), we compared independent studies in people of White ancestry from different countries to evaluate the homogeneity among Whites. Third (C3), we retrieved studies based on East Asian countries or regions, such as China, Japan, and South Korea, and estimated the homogeneity among East Asians, which was further compared with that in people of East Asian ancestry in the USA or UK, to assess the consistency within East Asian ancestry. Finally (C4), after homogeneity estimation, we compared the East Asian and White ancestry. Owing to the lack of data or the organization of the framework, the sequence of C1 to C4 for specific sections could not always be strictly followed. (C) Subtypes included for comparison. The WHO grade is also shown. Astrocytoma included both diffuse astrocytoma and anaplastic astrocytoma. Oligodendroglial tumors included both oligodendroglioma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma.