TABLE 4.
Mouse models have been used in CPCs investigation.
| Mouse | Function | Results | Induced time | Examination time | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prg4-CreER (T2): Confetti | Prg4+ cells tracing | Superficial cells are self-renewing progenitors | at birth (TAM) | P5 to 6M | Kozhemyakina et al. (2015) |
| Col2-CreERt: Confetti | Col2+ cells tracing | E19.5 ± 1D (TAM) | P3 to 2M | ||
| H2B (H2B)–GFP Tet-On | Slowly dividing cells labeling | E14.5-P2 (Dox) | P2, P18, and 1M | ||
| Prg4GFPCreERt2; Rosa26floxlacZ | Prg4+ cells tracing | The progeny of Prg4+ at E17.5 are present in all articular cartilage. The progeny of Prg4+ at 1 month extend 2/3 the upper of the articular cartilage | E17.5/1M (TAM) | P0 to 12M/6 and 18M | Li et al. (2017) |
| Prg4GFPCreERt2; Rosa26mTmG | Prg4+ cells tracing | ||||
| Col11-CA-bcatER | β-catenin investigation in articular regions | SFZ thickness↑, Prg4↑, CPCs↑ | 2W (TAM) | 5W | Yasuhara et al. (2011) |
| Col2CreER; β-cateninfl/fl | β-catenin investigation in articular regions | SFZ thickness↓, Prg4↓, CPCs↓ | P5 to P7 (TAM) | 7W | |
| CagCreER; β-cateninfl/fl | β-catenin investigation | Prg4↓, aggrecan↑, collagen 10↑ | 2W (TAM) | 5W | |
| STR/Ort | Spontaneous OA model | CPCs exhibited lower proliferative and differentiation capacity (decreased CD44 and CD90) | - | 4M/8M | Zhang et al. (2019) |
| MRL/MpJ | PTA resistance | MRL/MpJ mice showed lower inflammation and extracellular vesicles from MRL CPCs enhances articular cartilage repair | 8W (DMM) | 16W | Lewis et al. (2013), Wang et al. (2020a) |
E, embryonic day; P, postnatal day; D, day; W, week; M, month; TAM, tamoxifen; Dox: doxycycline; DMM, destabilization of the medial meniscus.