Trained innate immunity/Innate immune memory	Long-lasting functional reprogramming of innate immune cells after exposure to a microorganism or an inflammatory stimulus that leads to an altered response toward subsequent challenges (Netea et al., 2011, 2016).
Priming	Phenomenon of memory induction which consists of the exposure of dead microbes or sublethal doses of live pathogens to the host in order to activate the innate immune response (Cooper and Eleftherianos, 2017; Sheehan et al., 2020).
Innate immune reprogramming	Transcriptional and epigenetic modifications, accompanied and regulated by induced metabolic changes, happening in innate immune cells when exposed to stimulus (Boraschi and Italiani, 2018; Bindu et al., 2022).
Non-specific acquired resistance/Trained potentiation	Priming-induced enhancement of the innate immune response to subsequent challenges (Boraschi and Italiani, 2018).
Trained tolerance	Priming-induced downregulation of the innate immune response to subsequent challenges (Boraschi and Italiani, 2018).