Table 1.
Prevalence and Co-occurrence of Autism and ADHD Among US Adolescents 12–17 Years by Sex (NSCH 2016–2019)
| Sex | Prevalence of autism – % (SE) | Percentage difference in autism prevalence | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All adolescents | Adolescents with | ADHD-no ADHD | Interaction: female sex x ADHD | ||||||
| ADHD | No ADHD | RD [95% CI] | t | p | AI_RD [95% CI] | t | p | ||
| Female | 1.3 (0.13) | 9.5 (1.29) | 0.6 (0.09) | 8.9 [6.3, 11.4] | 6.88 | < .001 | −3.2 [−6.5, 0.1] | −1.91 | .057 |
| Male | 5.5 (0.38) | 15.4 (1.05) | 3.4 (0.40) | 12.1 [10.0, 14.2] | 11.17 | < .001 | |||
| Sex | Prevalence of ADHD—% (SE) | Percentage difference in ADHD prevalence | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All adolescents | Adolescents with | Autism-no autism | Interaction: female sex x autism | ||||||
| Autism | No autism | RD [95% CI] | t | p | AI_RD [95% CI] | t | p | ||
| Female | 8.2 (0.34) | 57.4 (5.21) | 7.5 (0.33) | 49.9 [39.7, 60.1] | 9.56 | < .001 | 16.5 [4.5, 28.5] | 2.69 | .007 |
| Male | 17.4 (0.48) | 49.1 (3.20) | 15.6 (0.48) | 33.4 [27.1, 39.8] | 10.34 | < .001 | |||
% = average marginal predicted percentage of adolescents with autism or ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), SE = standard error, RD = risk (percentage) difference in prevalence of ASD or ADHD, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval, t = t statistic, p = probability level (significance), AI_RD = additive interaction (RD Female – RD Male), all percentages and statistics weighted to original sample