Table 1.
List and class of isoflavonoids isolated from the different tissues of Millettia species
| Isoflavonoid class | Compound no | Compound name | Source | Collection country | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Millettia Species | Plant part | |||||
| Isoflavan | 1 | (3R)-Isovesitol | M. nitida | Vine stem | China | Liao et al. (2013) |
| 2 | (3R)-Vestitol | M. nitida | Vine stem | China | Liao et al. (2013) | |
| 3 | (3S)-Vestitol | M. dielsiana | Stem | Vietnam | Dat et al. (2019) | |
| Isoflavone (Aglycones) | 4 | Daidzein | M. nitida; M. dielsiana | Vine stem; stem | China, Vietnam | Liao et al. (2013); Gong et al. (2009) |
| 5 | Genistein | M. nitida, | Unspecified | China | Ye et al. (2012a, b) | |
| 6 | Prunetin | M. nitida | Vine stem | China | Liao et al. (2013) | |
| 7 | 2'-hydroxygenistein | M. nitida | Vine stem | China | Liao et al. (2013) | |
| 8 | Cladrastin | M. dielsiana | Stem | Vietnam | Gong et al. (2009) | |
| 9 | Formononetin | M. nitida | Vine stem | China | Liao et al. (2013) | |
| 10 | 7,3'-Dihydroxyl-5'-methoxyisoflavone | M. nitida; M. griffithii | Vine stem; stem | China |
Liao et al. (2013) Tang et al. (2016) |
|
| 11 | 7-Hydroxy-8,3',4'-trimethoxyisoflavone | M. usaramensis | Root bark | Kenya | Deyou et al. (2015) | |
| 12 | Robustigenin | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Pancharoen et al. (2008) | |
| 13 | Olibergin A | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Kikuchi et al. (2007) | |
| 14 | Afromosin | M. dielsiana | Stem | Vietnam | Gong et al. (2009) | |
| 15 | Maxamaisoflavone-D | M. dura | Seed pod | Kenya | Yenesewe et al. (1996) | |
| 16 | Maximaisoflavone-H | M. dura | Seed pod | Kenya | Yenesewe et al. (1996) | |
| 17 | Cuneatin methylether | M. griffoniana | Root bark | Cameroon | Yankep et al. (1997) | |
| 18 | Odorantin | M. griffoniana | Root bark | Cameroon | Yankep et al. (2003); Yankep et al. (1997) | |
| 19 | 8-Methylretusin | M. nitida; M. brandisiana | Whole plant; roots | China, Thailand | Ye et al. (2012a, b); Pailee et al. (2019) | |
| 20 | Calycosin | M. nitida | Whole plant | China | Ye et al. (2012a, b) | |
| 21 | Caviunin | M. dielsiana | Stem | Vietnam | Gong et al. (2009) | |
| 22 | Gliricidin | M. nitida | Whole plant | China | Ye et al. (2012a, b) | |
| 23 | 7,2′-Dimethoxy-4′,5′-methylenedioxyisoflavone | M. dura | Root barks | Kenya | Marco et al. (2017) | |
| 24 | 7-Hydroxy-2',4',5'-trimethoxyisoflavone | M. pachycarpa | Seeds | China | Tu et al. (2020) | |
| 25 | Maximaisoflavone G | M. griffoniana, M usaramensis | Root bark, Stem bark | Cameroon, Kenya | Yankeb et al. (2001); Yenesew eta. (1998) | |
| 26 | 7-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-3',4'-Methylenedioxyisoflavone | M. griffoniana | Root bark | Cameroon | Yankeb et al. (2001) | |
| 27 | 3'-Methylorobol | M. extensa, M. nitida | stems | Thailand, China | Raksat et al. (2018); Ye et al. (2012a, b) | |
| Isoflavones (Glycosylated) | 28 | Mildiside A | M. dielsiana | stem | Thailand | Kikuchi et al. (2007) |
| 29 | Ononin | M. dielsiana | stem | Thailand | Kikuchi et al. (2007) | |
| 30 | Dalpatin | M. dielsiana | vine stems | China | Gong et al. (2014) | |
| 31 | Odoratin-7-O-glucopyranoside | M. dielsiana | vine stems | China | Gong et al. (2014) | |
| 32 | Genistin | M. dielsiana, M. nitida | vine stems | China | Gong et al. (2014); Ye et al. (2012a, b) | |
| 33 | Glycitin | M. dielsiana | vine stems | China | Gong et al. (2014) | |
| 34 | Daidzin | M. dielsiana | vine stems | China | Gong et al. (2014) | |
| 35 | Wistin | M. dielsiana | vine stems | China | Gong et al. (2014) | |
| 36 | Hirsutissimiside A | M. nitida | Stem | China | Cheng et al. (2005) | |
| 37 | Hirsutissimiside C | M. nitida | Stem | China | Cheng et al. (2005) | |
| 38 | Hirsutissimiside B | M. nitida | Stem | China | Cheng et al. (2005) | |
| 39 | Sphaerobioside | M. nitida | Unspecified | China | Ye et al. (2012a, b) | |
| 40 | Formononetin-7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1, 6)–O-D-glucopyranoside | M. nitida | Unspecified | China | Ye et al. (2012a, b) | |
| 41 | Millesianin G | M. dielsiana | vine stems | China | Gong et al. (2014) | |
| 42 | Millesianin F | M. dielsiana | vine stems | China | Gong et al. (2014) | |
| 43 | Lanceolarin | M. nitida | Unspecified | China | Ye et al. (2012a, b) | |
| Isoflavones (Prenylated) | 44 | 5-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-4'-O-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)isoflavone | M. extensa | Stems, roots | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018, 2019) |
| 45 | 5,7,5'-Trimethoxy-4'-O-prenylisoflavone | M. griffithii | stems | China | Tang et al. (2016) | |
| 46 | Brandisianin A | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Pancharoen et al. (2008) | |
| 47 | 7,4'-Di-O-prenylgenistein | M. extensa; M. brandisiana | Stems, roots; Leaves |
Thailand Thailand |
Raksat et al. (2018, 2019); Pancharoen et al. (2008) | |
| 48 | Viridiflorin | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Pancharoen et al. (2008); Kikuchi et al. (2007) | |
| 49 | Predurallone | M. dura | Seed pod | Kenya | Yenesewe et al. (1996) | |
| 50 | Furowanin B | M. pachycarpa | Leaves | Japan | Ito et al. (2006) | |
| 51 | Millesianin H | M. dielsiana | stems | China | Ye et al. (2014) | |
| 52 | Millesianin A | M. dielsiana | Vine stems | Vietnam | Gong et al. (2009) | |
| 53 | Millesianin I | M. dielsiana | stems | China | Ye et al. (2014) | |
| 54 | Brandisianin C | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Kikuchi et al. (2007) | |
| 55 | Brandisianin E | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Kikuchi et al. (2007) | |
| 56 | 6,8-Diprenyorobol | M. extensa; | roots | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2019) | |
| 57 | Millewanins G | M. pachycarpa | Leaves | Japan | Ito et al. (2006) | |
| 58 | Millewanins H | M. pachycarpa | Leaves | Japan | Ito et al. (2006) | |
| 59 | Griffonianone C | M. griffoniana | Root, stem; Root bark/seed pod | Camerroon | Wanda et al. (2006, 2007) | |
| 60 | Millexatin A | M. extensa | stems | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018) | |
| 61 | Millipurone | M. extensa | Leaves | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2019) | |
| 62 | Millexatin B | M. extensa | stems | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018) | |
| 63 | Millexatin C | M. extensa | stems | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018) | |
| 64 | Millexatin D | M. extensa | Roots | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2019) | |
| 65 | Millexatin E | M. extensa | stems | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018) | |
| 66 | Millexatin F | M. extensa | stems | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018) | |
| 67 | Millexatin G | M. extensa | Leaves | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2019) | |
| 68 | Millexatin H | M. extensa | Leaves | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2019) | |
| 69 | Millexatin I | M. extensa | Roots | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2019) | |
| 70 | Millexatin J | M. extensa | Leaves | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2019) | |
| 71 | Millesianin B | M. dielsiana | Vine stems | Vietnam | Gong et al. (2009) | |
| 72 | Millesianin C | M. dielsiana | Vine stems | Vietnam | Gong et al. (2009) | |
| 73 | Millesianin D | M. dielsiana | Vine stems | Vietnam | Gong et al. (2009) | |
| 74 | Millesianin E | M. dielsiana | Vine stems | Vietnam | Gong et al. (2009) | |
| 75 | Ferrugone | M. dura | Seed pod | Kenya | Yenesew et al. (1997) | |
| 76 | Brandisianin D | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Kikuchi et al. (2007) | |
| 77 | Auriculatin | M. extensa | Stems; leaves | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018, 2019) | |
| 78 | Scandenone | M. extensa; M. pachycarpa | Roots, stems; seeds | Thailand, China | Raksat et al. (2018, 2019); Ye et al. (2012a, b) | |
| 79 | Auriculasin | M. extensa | Stems; leaves | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018, 2019) | |
| 80 | Isoauriculasin | M. extensa | Roots, stems | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018, 2019) | |
| 81 | Isoauroculatin | M. extensa | Stems, roots | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018, 2019) | |
| 82 | 2'-deoxyisoauriculatin | M. extensa | Stems, roots | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018, 2019) | |
| 83 | Durallone | M. dielsiana; M. dura | Stems; Seed pods | China, Kenya | Ye et al. (2014); Yenesewe et al. (1996) | |
| 84 | 6-Methoxycalpogonium isolfavone A | M. dielsiana; M. dura | Stems; seed pods | China, Kenya | Ye et al. (2014); Yenesew et al. (1997) | |
| 85 | Calopogoniumisolfavone A | M. dura; M. dielsiana | Seed pod; stems | Kenya, China | Yenesewe et al. (1996); Ye et al. (2014) | |
| 86 | 6-Demethyldurallone | M. dura | Seed pod | Kenya | Yenesewe et al. (1996) | |
| 87 | Hydroxy-6-methoxy-3–4-methylenedioxy-8–3-3-Dimethylallylisoflavone | M. dielsiana | stems | China | Ye et al. (2014) | |
| 88 | Elongatin | M. extensa | stems | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018) | |
| 89 | 4'-Methylalpinumisofiauone | M. extensa | stems | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018) | |
| 90 | 5-O-methyl-4'-O-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)alpinumisoflavone | M. extensa | Leaves | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2019) | |
| 91 | Barbigerone | M. pachycarpa, M. pachycarpa; M. usaramensis; M. dielsiana | Seeds; Stem bark; Stems | China, Kenya, Vietnam | Ye et al. (2010); Tu et al. (2019); Yenesew et al. (2003b); Ye et al. (2014); Gong et al. (2009) | |
| 92 | Isoerythrinin-A-4′-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) ether | M. dura | Seed pod; Root barks | Kenya | Yenesewe et al. (1996); Marco et., al. (2017) | |
| 93 | 2'-O-Methylisoauriculatin | M. extensa | stems | Thailand, | Raksat et al. (2018) | |
| 94 | Durmillone | M. griffoniana; M. dielsiana; M. dura | Root bark; Stems; Seed pod | Cameroon, China, Kenya | Yankep et al. (2003); Yankep et al. (1997); Ye et al. (2014); Yenesewe et al. (1996) | |
| 95 | Calopogoniumisoflavone B | M. griffoniana | Root barks | Cameroon, Kenya | Yankep et al. (1997); Marco et al. (2017) | |
| 96 | Jamaicin | M. usaramensis; M. dura; M. griffoniana | Root bark; Seed pods; root bark | Kenya, Cameroon | Deyou et al. (2015); Yenesew et al. (1997); Yankep et al. (1997) | |
| 97 | Ichthynone | M. dielsiana | Stems | China | Ye et al. (2014) | |
| 98 | 6'',6''-Dimethyl-5-hydroxy-3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxypyrano[2,'',3'':7,6]isoflavone | M. pachycarpa | Seeds | China | Ye et al. (2012a, b) | |
| 99 | 4',5'-Dimethoxy-6,6-dimethylpyranoisoflavone | M. pachycarpa | Seeds | China | Tu et al. (2019) | |
| 100 | 4'-Demethyltoxicarol isoflavone | M. brandisiana | leaves | Thailand | Kikuchi et al. (2009) | |
| 101 | Toxicarolisoflavone | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Pancharoen et al. (2008) | |
| 102 | 6'',6''-Dimethyl-5-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxypyrano[2'',3'':7,6]isoflavone | M. pachycarpa | Seeds | China | Ye et al. (2012a, b) | |
| 103 | Milletenone A | M. pachycarpa | Seeds | China | Tu et al. (2019) | |
| 104 | cis-3'',4''-Dihydro-3'',4''-Dihydroxylonchocarpusone | M. Pachycarpa | Seeds | China | Tu et al. (2020) | |
| 105 | Griffonianone B | M. griffoniana | Root bark | Cameroon | Yankeb et al. (2001) | |
| 106 | Brandisianin B | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Kikuchi et al. (2007) | |
| 107 | Milletenol A | M. Pachycarpa | Seeds | China | Tu et al. (2020) | |
| 108 | Norisojamaicin | M. usaramensis | Stem bark | Kenya | Yenesew et a. (1998) | |
| 109 | Maximaisoflavone B | M. dura | Root barks | Kenya | Marco et al. (2017) | |
| Isoflavones (Geranylated) | 110 | 7-O-Geranylformononetin | M. griffoniana | Root bark; seed pods | Cameroon | Yankep et al. (1997); Wanda et al. (2006) |
| 111 | 3',4'-Dihydroxy-7-O-[(E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl]isoflavone | M. griffoniana | Root bark | Cameroon | Yankep et al. (1997) | |
| 112 | 7-O-Geranylpseudobaptigenin | M. griffoniana | Root bark | Cameroon | Yankep et al. (1997) | |
| 113 | Griffonianone D | M. griffoniana | Root bark | Cameroon | Yankep et al. (2003) | |
| 114 | 4'-O-Geranylisoliquiritigenin | M. griffoniana | Root bark/seed pod | Cameroon | Wanda et al. (2006) | |
| 115 | 4'-Methoxy-7-O-[(E)-3-methyl-7-hydroxymethyl-2,6-octadienyl]isoflavone | M. griffoniana | Root bark/seed pod | Cameroon | Wanda et al. (2006) | |
| Rotenoids | 116 | 12a-Hydroxyrotenone | M. pachycarpa; M. brandisiana | Seeds; Roots | China, Thailand | Tu et al. (2019); Pailee et al. (2019) |
| 117 | Villosinol | M. brandisiana | Roots | Thailand | Pailee et al. (2019) | |
| 118 | Tephrosin | M. brandisiana; M. dura; M. pachycarpa; M. usaramensis | Roots; seed pods, seeds; seeds; Root bark | Thailand, Kenya, China | Pailee et al. (2019); Yenesew et al. (1997, 2003b); Tu et al. (2019); Ye et al. (2008; 2012a, b); Deyou et al. (2015) | |
| 119 | α-Toxicarol | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Pancharoen et al. (2008) | |
| 120 | 12a-Hydroxy-α-toxicarol | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Pancharoen et al. (2008) | |
| 121 | 6a,12a-Dehydro-α–toxicarol | M. brandisiana; M. extensa | Leaves; stems | Thailand | Pancharoen et al. (2008); Raksat et al., 2018 | |
| 122 | 6-Hydroxy-6a,12a-dehydro-α -toxicarol | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Pancharoen et al. (2008) | |
| 123 | 6a,12a-Dehydrosermundone | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Pancharoen et al. (2008) | |
| 124 | Stemonal | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Pancharoen et al. (2008) | |
| 125 | Sermundone | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Pancharoen et al. (2008) | |
| 126 | 6-Deoxyclitoriacetal | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Pancharoen et al. (2008) | |
| 127 | Deguelin | M. dura, M. pachycarpa | Seeds | Kenya, China | Yenesew et al. (2003a); Tu et al. (2019); Ye et al. (2008; 2012a, b) | |
| 128 | Millettone | M. dura | Seed pod | Kenya | Yenesew et al. (1997) | |
| 129 | Millettosin | M. dura; M. usaramensis | Seed pod; Root bark | Kenya, China | Yenesew et al. (1996); Deyou et al. (2015) | |
| 130 | Rotenone | M. dura | Seeds | Kenya | Yenesew et al. (2003a) | |
| 131 | Sumatrol | M. extensa | stems | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2018) | |
| 132 | Usararotenoid A | M. usaramensis | Root bark; Stem bark | Deyou et al. (2015); Yenesew et al. (2003b) | ||
| 133 | Usararotenoid C | M. usaramensis | Root bark; Stem bark | Kenya | Deyou et al. (2015); Yenesew et al. (2003b) | |
| 134 | 12-Dihydrousararotenoid A | M. usaramensis | Root bark | Kenya | Deyou et al. (2015) | |
| 135 | 12-Dihydrousararotenoid B | M. usaramensis | Root bark | Kenya | Deyou et al. (2015) | |
| 136 | 13-Homo13-oxa-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin | M. pachycarpa | Seeds | China | Ye et al. (2010, 2012a, b) | |
| 137 | 6a,12a-Dehydrodeguelin | M. pachycarpa | Seeds | China | Ye et al. (2008, 2012a, b) | |
| 138 | 6a,12a-Dehydromillettone | M. usaramensis | Stem bark | Kenya | Yenesew et al. (2003b) | |
| 139 | 12α-Hydroxy-12-dihydro-( +)-usararotenoid-A | M. usaramensis | Stem bark | Kenya | Yenesew et al. (1998) | |
| 140 | 12-Dihydrousararotenoid C | M. usaramensis | Root bark | Kenya | Deyou et al. (2015) | |
| 141 | Epimilletosine | M. usaramensis | Root bark; Stem bark | Kenya | Deyou et al. (2015); Yenesew et al. (2003b) | |
| 142 | trans-4',5'-Dihydro-4',5'-dihydroxytephrosin | M. pachycarpa | Seeds | China | Tu et al. (2020) | |
| 143 | ( +)-Usararotenoid B | M. usaramensis | Stem bark | Kenya | Yenesew et al. (1998) | |
| 144 | Griffonianone A | M. griffoniana | Root bark | Cameroon | Yankeb et al. (2001) | |
| 145 | cis-4',5'-Dihydro-4',5'-dihydroxytephrosin | M. pachycarpa | Seeds | China | Tu et al. (2020) | |
| Coumarin | 146 | 4-Hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxy-3-(3',4'-Methylenedioxy)phenylcoumarin | M. griffoniana | Root bark | Cameroon | Yankeb (1998) |
| Pterocarpans | 147 | Brandisianin F | M. brandisiana | Leaves | Thailand | Kikuchi et al. (2007) |
| 148 | (-)-Medicarpin | M. brandisiana | Roots | Thailand | Pailee et al. (2019) | |
| 149 | (-)-Maackiain | M. brandisiana; M. extensa; M. nitida | Roots; stems | Thailand, China | Pailee et al. (2019; 2019); Ye et al. (2012a, b) | |
| 150 | Erycristagallin | M. extensa | Leaves | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2019) | |
| 151 | 3-O-Prenylmaackiain | M. dura | Root barks | Kenya | Marco et al. (2017) | |
| Chromanochromenes | 152 | Millexatin K | M. extensa | Roots | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2019) |
| 153 | Millexatin L | M. extensa | Roots | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2019) | |
| 154 | Millexatin M | M. extensa | Roots | Thailand | Raksat et al. (2019) | |