TABLE 1.
The plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine in Taşköprü (Kastamonu/Turkey).
| Botanical name, family and specimen number (new plant records for ethnoveterinary medicine in bold) | Local name (in Turkish) | Plant part used | Ailments treated/Therapeutic effect (new uses in bold) | Preparation | Administration, dosage | Rpt | CI | Literature uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amaryllidaceae | ||||||||
| Allium sativum L.a, MARE 19041 | Sarımsak | Bulbils | Herb poisoning (in cattle-ovine) | Crushed and added into the ayran (a kind of drink made with yogurt and water) | Drunk (a bucket a day) | 9 | 0.05 | Herb poisoning (Tuzlaci and Tolon, (2000); Guler et al. (2021); Tuttu, (2017)), (Kultur, (2007); Guler et al. (2021))b |
| Betulaceae | ||||||||
| Carpinus orientalis Mill., MARE 18166, 18372, 18952 | Karaağaç | Stem bark | Wound (wolf, dog bite in animal) | Boiled | Ext. (wrapped in a cloth) | 3 | 0.03 | - |
| Leaves | Galactagogue (in cattle-ovine) | − | Fed | 2 | ||||
| Cupressaceae | ||||||||
| Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb., MARE 18180, 18328 | Ardıç, ömür ardıcı | Tar | Wound (in cattle, horse, donkey) | − | Ext | 15 | 0.19 | - |
| Scabies (in cattle) | − | Ext | 18 | |||||
| Trichophytosis (in ovine) | − | Ext | 5 | |||||
| Juniperus oxycedrus L., MARE 18143, 18205, 18283, 18319, 18860, 18895, 19032 [Syn.: J. oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus] | Ardıç | Tar | Wound (in cattle-ovine, horse, donkey) | − | Ext | 15 | 0.13 | Wound (Guler et al. (2021)) |
| Scabies (in cattle) | − | Ext | 6 | |||||
| Trichophytosis (in ovine) | − | Ext | 5 | |||||
| Fabaceae | ||||||||
| Astracantha microcephala (Willd.) Podlech, MARE 18165, 18267, 18968, 19053, 19087 [Syn.: Astragalus microcephalus Willd.] | Geven | Aerial parts | Scabies (in cattle-ovine) | Decoction | Ext | 2 | 0.01 | (Kazanci et al. (2021))b |
| Astracantha microptera (Fisch.) Podlech, MARE 18307 [Astragalus micropterus Fisch.] | Geven | Aerial parts | Increasing meat and milk yield (in cattle-ovine) | Chopped | Fed | 6 | 0.03 | - |
| Fagaceae | ||||||||
| Quercus infectoria subsp. veneris (A.Kern.) Meikle, MARE 18096, 18179, 18291, 18313, 18893, 18904 [Syn.: Q. infectoria subsp. boissieri (Reut.) O. Schwarz] | Kara meşe, meşe | Fruits | Increasing meat and milk yield (in cattle-ovine) | Crushed | Fed | 2 | 0.01 | - |
| Quercus macranthera subsp. syspirensis (K. Koch) Menitsky, MARE 18156 | Meşe | Fruits | Increasing meat and milk yield (in cattle-ovine) | Crushed | Fed | 2 | 0.01 | (Kazanci et al. (2021))b |
| Quercus petraea subsp. iberica (Steven ex M.Bieb.) Krassiln., MARE 18182, 19003, 19086 | Boz meşe, meşe | Fruits | Increasing meat and milk yield (in cattle-ovine) | Crushed | Fed | 2 | 0.01 | Increasing meat and milk yield (Akbulut, (2022)), (Guler et al. (2021); Kazanci et al. (2021))b |
| Hypericaceae | ||||||||
| Hypericum montbretii Spach, MARE 18330, 18374 | Dağ çayı, kantaron, sarı çiçek, sarı ot | Flowering parts | Trichophytosis (in ovine) | Decoction | Ext | 1 | 0.01 | - |
| Hypericum orientale L. Hypericaceae, MARE 18360 | Dağ çayı, kantaron, sarı çiçek, sarı ot | Flowering parts | Trichophytosis (in ovine) | Decoction | Ext | 1 | 0.01 | - |
| Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae, MARE 18251, 18308, 18369, 18378, 18415, 18963 | Dağ çayı, kantaron, sarı çiçek, sarı ot | Flowering parts | Trichophytosis (in ovine) | Decoction | Ext | 1 | 0.01 | (Tuzlaci and Alparslan, (2007); Aydin and Yesil, (2018); Guler et al. (2021); Kazanci et al. (2021); Akbulut, (2022))b |
| Juglandaceae | ||||||||
| Juglans regia L.a, MARE 18162, 18322, 19037 | Ceviz | Leaves | Aphrodisiac (in cattle) | Dried | Burned and smelled as incense | 3 | 0.02 | (Ezer and Mumcu Arisan, (2006); Bulut, (2011); Gurbuz et al. (2019); Guler et al. (2021); Akbulut, (2022))b |
| Pinaceae | ||||||||
| Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe, MARE 18155, 18221, 18293, 18320, 18928, 19048 | Çam, kara çam | Resin | Wound (in cattle, horse, donkey) | Heated (mixed with wax and butter) | Ext | 8 | 0.09 | - |
| Kindling | Faciliator for seperation of placenta (in cattle) | Bread is smoked with soot | Fed | 1 | ||||
| Tar | Scabies (in cattle) | − | Ext | 4 | ||||
| Trichophytosis (in ovine) | − | Ext | 4 | |||||
| Pinus sylvestris var. hamata Steven, MARE 18174, 18226, 18364, 18407, 18938 | Çam, sarı çam | Resin | Wound (in cattle, horse, donkey) | Heated (mixed with wax and butter) | Ext | 8 | 0.09 | (Guler et al. (2021); Kazanci et al. (2021))b |
| Kindling | Faciliator for seperation of placenta (in cattle) | Bread is smoked with soot | Fed | 1 | ||||
| Tar | Scabies | − | Ext | 4 | ||||
| Trichophytosis | − | Ext | 4 | |||||
| Ranunculaceae | ||||||||
| Helleborus orientalis Lam., MARE 18216, 18846, (2,6,8,10,15,16,26,40,47,48)b | Kesen otu | Aerial parts | Analgesic (in cattle) | − | Fed (a small amount) | 3 | 0.03 | Analgesic (Fujita et al. (1995); Gunes, (2017)) |
| Postnatal vaginal discharge (in cattle) | − | Fed (a small amount) | 3 | |||||
| Rosaceae | ||||||||
| Prunus avium (L.) L., MARE 18370, 18942, 18990 [Syn.: Cerasus avium (L.) Moench] | Kiraz, kuş kirazı | Fruit stalks | Diuretic (in cattle) | Decoction | Int. (a little bucket a day) | 3 | 0.02 | (Guler et al. (2021); Akbulut and Ozkan, (2014); Kazanci et al. (2021); Akbulut, (2022))b |
| Santalaceae | ||||||||
| Viscum album L., MARE 18115, 18159, 18849, 18929 [Syn.: V. album L. subsp. album] | Hurç, purç, ökse otu | Leafy branches | Increasing meat and milk yield (in cattle-ovine) | − | Fed | 11 | 0.08 | Increasing meat and milk yield Kultur, (2007); (Sarac et al. (2013); Gurbuz et al. (2019); Bussmann et al. (2020a); Kazanci et al. (2021))b |
| Strengthening (in breeding cattle) | Boiled and mixed with flour | Fed | 4 | |||||
| Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm., MARE 18454 | Çam purcu, hurç, purç, ökse otu | Leafy branches | Shortness of breath (in hens) | Decoction | Int | 2 | 0.09 | - |
| Increasing meat and milk yield (in cattle-ovine) | − | Fed | 11 | |||||
| Strengthening (in breeding cattle) | Boiled and mixed with flour | Fed | 4 | |||||
Rpt., Reports; Int., Internal use; Ext., External use; aCultivated plant. bDifferent usage.