TABLE 4.
Social ecological model and protective factors for ADV perpetration and/or victimization.
| References | Individual | Relationship | Community | Societal |
| Bender et al. (48) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
| Caridade et al. (49) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
| Dardis et al. (45) | (None) | Yes (perpetration)15 | (None) | (None) |
| Fernet et al. (44) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
| Goncy, 2020 (52) | (None) | (None) | (None | (None) |
| Gony et al. (53) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
| Hébert et al. (54) | (None) | Yes (victimization)16 | (None) | (None) |
| Johnson et al. (46) | (None) | (None) | Yes (perpetration)17 | (None) |
| Johnson et al. (50) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
| Joly and Connelly (58) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
| Leen et al. (42) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
| Malhi et al. (57) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
| Lyons and Rabie (43) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
| Park et al. (22) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
| Rothman et al. (55) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
| Spencer et al. (47) | Yes (perpetration)18 | Yes (perpetration)19 | (None) | (None) |
| Storer et al. (51) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
| Taquette and Monteiro (7) | (None) | Yes (both)20 | Yes (both)21 | (None) |
| Vagi et al. (20) 22 | Yes (perpetration)23 | Yes (perpetration)24 | Yes (perpetration)25 | (None) |
| Zych et al. (56) | (None) | (None) | (None) | (None) |
|
|
15Secure parent–child attachment is negatively related to DV perpetration for both men and women.
16Parental monitoring and parental support.
17Perceived social control was protective for DV perpetration among adolescents in one study.
18Conflict resolution skills and responsibility were protective factors against TDV perpetration at the individual level.
19Relationship quality with parents was a protective marker for physical TDV perpetration.
20ADV perpetration lower when adolescents have more prosocial peer networks; Good family relationship less likely to tolerate some kind of violence in intimate relationships.
21ADV perpetration lower when adolescents have more neighborhood social control: Quality of the neighborhood is a contextual factor that can influence emotional well being of individuals.
22Protective factors were defined as those that were both directly associated with less dating violence perpetration and for which there was evidence that the exposure preceded the outcome. Only three studies of the 20 identified protective factors.
23Discrepancy between dating abuse related attitudes and behaviors (cognitive dissonance); higher empathy; grade point average; verbal IQ.
24Positive relationships with mother.
25School attachment.