Table 7.
Comparison of several spinning techniques
| Fiber /yarn | Spinning method | Polymer/doped with | Conductivity (σ in S cm−1) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyaniline (PANI) (1999) | Air‐gap/ dry‐jet spinning | PANI/poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide), PPD‐T, sulfuric acid solutions. | 0.1 | [272] |
| PANI/poly‐ω‐aminoundecanoyle (PA11) (2002) | Wet spinning | concentrated sulfuric acid (c‐H2SO4) | 10−5 (5wt% PANI) to 10−1 (20% PANI) | [263] |
| PANI/polyamide‐11 (2001) | Wet Spinning | concentrated sulfuric acid (c‐H2SO4) | 10−6 to 10−1 (3–16 wt.% PANI) | [273] |
| Microfibers of poly(3,4‐ethy‐lenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) (2003) | Wet spinning | Poly (4‐styrene sulfonate) PSS | 10−1 | [274] |
| PANI/PP (2004) | Melt spinning | PANI/PP/DBSA | 10−9 | [266] |
| Core‐sheath nanofibers with a conductive polymer, PANI with PSS/PMMA/PC/PEO (2005) | Electrospinning |
PANI/PS PANI/PMMA PANI/PC PANI/PEO |
4.1 × 10−14 4.3 × 10−14 5.5 × 10−14 2.4 × 10−13 |
[271] |
| PANI (2005) | Wet Spinning | dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (PANI‐DBSA) and polyacrylonitrile containing methylacrylate (Co‐PAN) | 10−3 | [275] |
| PANI (2008) | Electrospinning | H2SO4 or HCl | 52.9 | [276] |
| PPy (2009) | Wet Spinning | di(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (DEHS) | 30 | [277] |
| PEDOT/PSS (2009) | Wet Spinning | dip‐treatment for 3 min EG (P grade) EG (PH grade) |
195 467 |
[278] |
| PPy (2010) | Electrospinning | PPy‐MWCNTs composite | 10−1 | [279] |
| Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate)–Polyvinyl Alcohol (PEDOT:PSS–PVA) nanofibers (2011) | Electrospinning | (0%, 3%, 5%, and 8%) of DMSO |
4.8 × 10−8 to 1.7 × 10−5 |
[280] |
| PANI/PP (2011) | Melt Spinning | Polyaniline/PP/dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) | 10−9 | [281] |
| poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) (2012) | Wet Spinning | FeCl3 | 160 | [282] |
| poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) (2012) | Melt Spinning | FeCl3 in nitromethane | 350 | [282] |
| PANI (2012) | Electrospinning | (+)‐camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid (HCSA) and blended with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly‐(ethylene oxide) | 50 ± 30 (100% doped PANI) | [283] |
| Ternary blend of PP/PA6/PANI (20% wt.)‐complex polypropylene / polyamide‐6 / polyaniline‐complex) (2012) | Melt Spinning | 4 × 10−3 | [284] | |
| Binary blend fibers of PP / PANI (20% wt.)‐complex (2012) | Melt Spinning | 5 × 10−3 | [284] | |
| poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofiber (2012) | Electrospinning | Iodine | 122 ± 9 | [285] |
| PEDOT‐PSS/PAN (2014) | Wet spinning | PAN | 5 | [286] |
| PEDOT:PSS/PEO fiber mats (2014) | Electrospinning | PEDOT:PSS | 35.5 | [287] |
| Graphene (1% wt.) / polyamide‐6 yarn (2017) | Melt Spinning | 14 ± 2 × 10−4 (fiber draw ration 2.0) | [288] | |
| Conductive filaments made of silk fibroin (SF) and PANI (2018) | Wet Spinning | SF–FA–shell solution | 1.42 × 10−4 (0.28 wt. % PANI) | [289] |
| PANI/PEO side‐by‐side bi‐component fiber (2019) | Electrospinning | PAni doped with Camphoric acid CSA. Insulating PEO (3/4/5 w/v% to solvent) & conductive PANI‐CSA (1.5/2.5/3.5 w/v% to solvent) | 10−6 to 10−4 | [290] |
| PANI/PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) (2020) | Electrospinning | N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) |
Membranes 1.7 × 10−2 and yarns 4.1 × 10−4 |
[291] |
| PANI−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) fibers (2020) | Electrospinning | (+)‐camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid (CSA), m‐cresol, and chloroform | 1.73 | [292] |