. 2022 Oct 3;9(31):2203856. doi: 10.1002/advs.202203856

Table 10.

Summary of Metal‐based supercapacitors or supercapacitor electrodes

1D shaped
Substrate (Reporting year)	Device Configuration	Device capacitance	Energy density	Power density	Capacitance retention	Flexibility	Refs.
Kevlar fiber (2011)	Kevlar fibers and flexible plastic wire substrates for ZnO NW arrays, Plastic wire/ZnO, Kevlar/ZnO/Au electrodes with KNO₃ and PVA‐H₃PO₄ electrolyte	0.21 mF cm⁻² at 100 mV s⁻¹ (aqueous) and 2.4 mF cm⁻² and 0.2 mF cm⁻¹ (gel electrolyte)	2.7×10⁻⁸ Wh cm⁻² (gel)	1.4×10⁻⁵ Wcm⁻² (gel)			[389]
Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn (2014)	CNT\|\|CNT, CNT@MnO₂\|\|CNT, CNT@MnO₂\|\| CNT@MnO₂ with aqueous electrolyte	Asymmetric SC CNT@MnO₂ (positive) and CNT (negative) possess a capacitance of 12.5 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.14 A g⁻¹	1 to 2.12 Wh kg⁻¹ (CNT\|\|CNT), For CNT@MnO₂ \|\| CNT, up to 42.0 Wh kg⁻¹ (low power density), and 28.02 Wh kg⁻¹ (at high power density)	241.8 to 10 000 W kg⁻¹ (CNT\|\|CNT), for CNT@MnO₂ \|\| CNT, low power density of 483.7 W kg⁻¹, high power density of 19 250 W kg⁻¹	For CNT@MnO₂ \|\| CNT 98% of its original capacitance after 500 cycles, in comparison with 99% for CNT\|\|CNT	For CNT@MnO₂\|\| CNT, specific capacitance suffered only 0.5% reduction after 200 cycles of folding and unfolding actions	[383]
Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn (2015)	NiO and Co₃O₄ deposited on spun CNT yarn, Two PVA‐H₂SO₄ coated CNT, CNT@NiO, and CNT@Co₃O₄ yarns placed together and coated with electrolyte again	CNT@Co₃O₄ yarn based SC 52.6 mF cm⁻² at 0.053 mA cm⁻², 87.6 Ag⁻¹, CNT based SC 7.4 mF cm⁻², 13.4 Ag⁻¹, CNT@NiO based SC 15.2 mF cm⁻², 25.9 Ag⁻¹	CNT@Co₃O₄ yarn based SC 1.1 µWh cm⁻²	CNT@Co₃O₄ yarn based SC 0.01 mW cm⁻²	Pure CNT, CNT@NiO, and CNT@Co₃O₄ maintain 96%, 94%, and 91%, respectively, of original capacitance after 1000 cycles	No decrease after 100 cycles bending at 90° and 180°	[385]
Carbon nanofiber (CNF) (2015)	CNFs containing Co₃O₄ nanoparticles electrodes with 6 m KOH	586 Fg⁻¹ at 1 Ag⁻¹			74% after 2000 cycles		[384]

2D shaped
Substrate (Reporting year)	Device Configuration	Device capacitance	Energy density	Power density	Capacitance retention	Flexibility	Refs.
Polyester (2020)	Ni nanoparticle in situ synthesized, two Ni‐plated polyester electrodes with PVA/KOH gel electrolyte	450 mF cm⁻² at 7.5 mA cm⁻²					[386]
Silk fabric (2021)	Graphite coated Berlin (silver coated silk) as the negative electrode and Nora Dell (Ni/Cu/Ag coated) fabric as the positive electrode with biocompatible PVA‐KCl gel electrolyte	32 mF cm⁻² at 25 mV s⁻¹, 41 mF cm⁻² at 0.75 mA cm⁻²	2.8 µ Wh cm⁻² at 25 mV s⁻¹, 3.6 µ Wh cm⁻² at 0.75 mA cm⁻²		45% retention after 1000 cycles		[390]
Carbon cloth (2013)	Hydrogenated single‐crystal ZnO @ amorphous ZnO‐doped MnO₂ core‐shell nanocables (HZM) on carbon cloth as SC electrodes using PVA/LiCl electrolyte	26 mFcm⁻² (325 mF cm⁻³) at a current density of 0.5 mA cm⁻²	0.04 mWh cm⁻³	2.44 mW cm⁻³	87.5% after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles		[391]
Carbon cloth (2015)	Electrochemically activated carbon cloth (EACC) as anode and TiN@MnO₂ on CC as cathode with LiCl solution as electrolyte.	2.69 F cm⁻³ at 6 mA cm⁻²	1.5 mWh cm⁻³	1.71 W cm⁻³	No decay at 70 000 cycles		[338]
Carbon fabric (2016)	uniform large‐area manganese oxide (MnO₂) nanosheets on carbon fabric which oxidized using O₂ plasma treatment (MnO2/O2‐carbon fabric) via electrodeposition process with 1 M sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) electrolyte	275 Fg⁻¹ at a scan rate of 5 mVs⁻¹			80% after 10 000 cycles.		[392]
Carbon cloth (2016)	In situ electrodeposition of MnO2 on carbon cloth with 1 m Na₂SO₄ aqueous electrolyte	275 F g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹					[393]
Carbon textile (2016)	Zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanospheres hydrothermally grown on flexible carbon textile (CT)	540 F g⁻¹ (56.25 F cm⁻²) at 5 mV s⁻¹	51 W h kg⁻¹ at a power density of 205 W kg⁻¹		94.6% after 5000 cycles		[387]
Carbon fiber fabric (2017)	KOH activation of commercial CF threads followed by coated with PVA/ H₃PO₄ electrolyte and woven to SC fabric	18.6 F g⁻¹ at 2 mV s⁻¹, 300 mF cm⁻², 26 F cm⁻³	2.58 mWh g⁻¹ or 3.6 mWh cm⁻³, 42 µWh cm⁻², 3.6 mWh cm⁻³		Over 80% after 10 000 at 20 mV s⁻¹		[394]
Carbon fabric (2017)	Fabrication of Co₃O₄ nanowires on a flexible carbon fabric electrode (CoNW/CF) with PVA‐KOH gel electrolyte	Electrode 3290 F g⁻¹ at a scan rate of 5 mV s⁻¹	6.7 Wh kg⁻¹	5 kW kg⁻¹	95.3% after 5000 cycles		[388]
Carbon cloth (2018)	Anodic deposition of MnOx on Pd coated carbon cloth electrode with 0.5 m Na₂SO₄	186 F g⁻¹ at 1 mA cm⁻²					[395]
Carbon fiber fabric (2020)	Viscose fiber woven fabrics carbonized and activated (ACVF), CeO₂, ZnO hydrothermally deposited, CeO₂‐ACVF & ZnO‐ACVF electrode, polyester separator, carbon cloth current collector with PVA/H₃PO₄ electrolyte	13.24 mF cm⁻² at 0.2 mVs⁻¹	4.6×10⁻⁷ Whcm⁻² at 3.31×10⁻⁶ Wcm⁻²		87.6% at 5000 cycles	Increases by 13.4% after 200 bending cycles	[396]
Carbon fiber textile (2021)	Crystalline nano‐flowers structured zinc oxide (ZnO) was directly grown on carbon fiber textile (CFT) substrate via hydrothermal process and fabricated with a binder‐free electrode (denoted as ZnO@CFT) for SC	201 Fg⁻¹ at 1 Ag⁻¹			90.32% after 3000 cycles at 10 Ag⁻¹		[397]