Figure 3.

The underlying mechanisms that drive protein phase separation. A) Several molecular features have been identified in phase separation proteins. These features mediate weak transient interactions between multivalent proteins, including foldable domain interactions (repetitive modular domains (RMDs), oligomerization or dimerization domains, helix‐helix, coiled coil, β‐sheets), intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) interactions (cation–anion, cation–π, π–stacking, dipole–dipole), and nucleic acids recognition domains interactions (DNA/RNA binding domains, cation‐RNA, RNA base‐paring). B) Overview of multivalent interactions‐driven condensate assembly.