Table 1.

Dysregulated condensates in cancer

Condensates	Biomolecules	Biological role	Cancer types	Refs.
Signaling puncta	EML4‐ALK fusion	RAS signaling overactivation	Non‐small‐cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer	[188, 189]
	CCDC6‐RET fusion	RAS signaling overactivation	Non‐small‐cell lung cancer, papillary thyroid cancer	[188, 189]
	SHP2 mutants	RAS signaling hyperactivation	Esophagus cancer	[190]
	DnaJB1‐PKAcat fusion	Tumorigenic cAMP signaling	Atypical liver cancer fibrolamellar carcinoma	[191]
	DACT1	WNT signaling inhibition	Breast and prostate cancer	[195]
Glycogen compartments	G6PC	YAP signaling activation	Liver cancer	[194]
Stress granules	YB1	Cell proliferation	Sarcoma	[196]
	KRAS mutants	Chemoresistance	Pancreatic cancer	[198]
	DDX3X	Tumorigenesis	Medulloblastoma	[276]
	mTORC1	Cancer cell survival	Multiple cancer types	[135, 200]
	Astrin	Protect cancer cells from apoptosis	Breast and lung cancer	[199]
Amyloid bodies	rIGSRNA	Tumor growth repression	Breast, lung, and prostate cancer	[202]
Perinucleolar compartments	PNCTR	Malignant transformation of cancer cells	Multiple cancer types	[204]
Nuclear speckles	SPOP mutants	Defect in oncoproteins degradation	Prostate cancer	[206]
Nuclear paraspeckles	NEAT1	Chemoresistance	Multiple cancer types	[207]
Amyloid fibrils	p53 mutants	Oncogenicity transformation of p53	Multiple cancer types	[208, 209, 210]
Heterochromatin	HP1α	Telomere elongation	Breast cancer	[9, 213]
Cajal bodies	Telomeric RNA	Telomere elongation	Multiple cancer types	[214, 215, 216, 217, 218]
PML bodies	TRF2, RAD52	Telomere elongation	Sarcoma	[219, 220, 221]
DNA repair foci	PARP1, FUS, TAF15, EWS	DNA damage repair	Multiple cancer types	[28, 223]
	MRN complex, γH2AX	DNA damage repair	Multiple cancer types	[225, 226]
	MRN complex, DilncRNAs	DNA damage repair	Multiple cancer types	[226]
	53BP1	DNA damage repair	Multiple cancer types	[227]
NP bodies	NORAD, PUM1/2	DNA damage repair	Colon cancer	[230]
Transcription condensates	CDK7, CDK12, CDK13	Oncogenic transcription	Multiple cancer types	[17, 274, 275]
	YAP, TAZ	Oncogenic transcription	Breast cancer	[236, 237]
	ENL mutants	Oncogenic transcription	Wilms tumor	[238]
	EWS‐FLI1 fusion	Oncogenic transcription	Ewing sarcoma	[245]
	AKAP95	Oncogenic transcription and splicing	Multiple cancer types	[239]
Super‐enhancers	TAL1	Leukemogenic genes transcription	T cell leukemia	[240]
	BRD4, MED1	Oncogenic transcription	Multiple myeloma, liposarcoma	[241, 248]
	HOXB8	Oncogenic transcription	Osteosarcoma	[242]
	YTHDC1, m6A‐mRNAs	Gene transcription and mRNA processing	Acute myeloid leukemia	[243]
	NUP98‐HOXA9 fusion	Leukemogenic genes transcription	Leukemia	[246]
	FUS‐CHOP	Oncogenic transcription	Myxoid liposarcoma	[248]