Table-3.
Antimicrobial resistance and integrons of 91 Escherichia coli strains isolated from eggshells in cage, free-range, and organic eggs.
| Antimicrobial Agents | No. (%) of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli | No. (%) of Integrons-positive strains (n = 27) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Cage (n = 24) | Free-range (n = 27) | Organic (n = 40) | Total (n = 91) | ||
| Aminoglycosides | |||||
| GEN | 0 | 1 (3.7) | 0 | 1 (1.1) | 0 |
| KAN | 9 (37.5) | 6 (22.2) | 15 (37.5) | 30 (33.0) | 10 (37.0) |
| STR | 22 (91.7) | 19 (70.4) | 23 (57.5) | 64 (70.3) | 22 (81.5) |
| Phenicols | |||||
| CHL | 1 (4.2) | 3 (11.1) | 3 (7.5) | 7 (7.7) | 3 (11.1) |
| Monobactams | |||||
| IMP | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.5) | 1 (1.1) | 0 |
| MEM | 9 (37.5) | 2 (7.4) | 5 (12.5) | 16 (17.6) | 6 (22.2) |
| Cephalosporin | |||||
| CTX | 0 | 2 (7.4) | 0 | 2 (2.2) | 1 (3.7) |
| CAZ | 0 | 1 (3.7) | 0 | 1 (1.1) | 1 (3.7) |
| CPM | 0 | 3 (11.1) | 0 | 3 (3.3) | 1 (3.7) |
| Beta-lactam | |||||
| AMP | 15 (62.5) | 22 (81.5) | 22 (55.0) | 59 (64.8) | 18 (66.7) |
| AMC | 6 (25.0) | 5 (18.5) | 11 (27.5) | 22 (24.2) | 9 (33.3) |
| Quinolones | |||||
| CIP | 2 (8.3) | 4 (14.8) | 0 | 6 (6.6) | 2 (7.4) |
| NAL | 5 (20.8) | 9 (33.3) | 4 (10.0) | 18 (19.8) | 9 (33.3) |
| Folate pathway antagonists | |||||
| SXT | 7 (29.2) | 10 (37.0) | 5 (12.5) | 22 (24.2) | 9 (33.3) |
| Tetracyclines | |||||
| TE | 19 (79.2) | 21 (77.8) | 16 (40.0) | 56 (61.5) | 18 (66.7) |
AMP=Ampicillin, AMC=Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, CTX=Cefotaxime, CAZ=Ceftazidime, CHL=Chloramphenicol, CIP=Ciprofloxacin, CPM=Cefepime, GEN=Gentamicin, IPM=Imipenem, KAN=Kanamycin, MEM=Meropenem, NAL=Nalidixic acid, STR=Streptomycin, TET=Tetracycline, SXT=Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim