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. 2022 Oct 21;7(43):38193–38206. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05296

Table 2. Overview of Sample Pre-Treatment in Analysis of Peptides Used in Doping.

Method Analyte Pretreatment conditions
RP-SPE porcine insulin, novolog, apidra, lantus DesB(30–32) metabolite, humalog and human insulin, GH-RH(1–29), LH-RH, synacthen, CJC-1295, LongR3-IGF-1, and IFG-1 preconditioned solution: ACN (2 mL), water (2 mL); load solution: 1–10 mL of urine fortified with ISs (500 pg/mL) and 10% of ACN); rinsing solution: water; eluting solution: ACN/water (80:20, v/v)54
  GHRPs, desmopressin, vasopressin, felypressin, terlipressin, leuprolide, LHRH, ibutamoren, anamorelin preconditioned solution: MeOH (1 mL), water (1 mL); load solution: 7 mL of urine, 40 μL of IS (100 ng/mL), pH 6.5–7.5, 100 μL of PBS; rinsing solution: water (1 mL), 20% ACN in water (1 mL); eluting solution: 1 mL of 95/5 (75% ACN in water/FA)55
  GHRPs, desmopressin, vasopressin, and leuprolide preconditioned solution: MeOH (12 mL, 3×), water (12 mL, 3×); load solution: peptide (50 mg/mL) in water with 0.5% TFA; rinsing solution: water with 0.5% TFA (12 mL); eluting solution: gradient of 5–50% ACN with 0.5% TFA62,63
RP-SPE/IE-SPE GHRPs and opioid peptides preconditioned solution: MeOH (2 mL), water (2 mL); load solution: plasma containing 10 ng mL–1 each of the peptides; rinsing solution: ACN/water; eluting solution: ACN (10–90%)/ water with 2% FA32
  GHRPs, anamorelin, leuprolide, LHRH, triptorelin, [deamino-Cys1-Val4-d-Arg8]-vasopressin (ISTD) preconditioned solution: MeOH (1 mL), water (1 mL); load solution: 1 mL of urine; rinsing solution: 1 mL 5% of ammonium hydroxide and 1 mL 20% ACN; eluting solution: 0.5 mL of NH3/FA 10%/MeOH 8/12/80 v/v50
  GHRPs, anamorelin, and [deamino-Cys1-Val4-d-Arg8]-vasopressin (ISTD) preconditioned solution: MeOH (1 mL), water (1 mL); load solution: 2 mL of sample (HRPs), 40 μL IS (2 μg/mL diamino-Cys1Val4d-Arg8-vasopressin), 200 μL 0.8 M PBS, pH 7; rinsing solution: 1 mL water and 0.5 mL of MeOH; eluting solution: ACN/water with 2% FA 1:3 v/v79
microextraction RP-SPE GHRPs, desmopressin, vasopressin, felypressin, terlipressin, leuprolide, LHRH, ibutamoren, and anamorelin preconditioned solution: MeOH (0.2 mL), water (0.2 mL); load solution: 0,75 mL of urine, 15 μL of IS (100 ng/mL), pH 6.5–7.5, 50 μL of PBS; rinsing solution: water (0.2 mL), 20% ACN in water (0.2 mL); eluting solution: 25 μL of 95/5 (75% ACN in water/FA) (2×)55
enzymatic digestion GHRPs, TB-500 and desmopressin incubation: 24 h at 37 °C; enzyme/protein ratio: 1:20, 1:50, and 1:100 (w/w); peptide concentration: 0.2 mg/mL; buffer solutions: 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0 (rhAPN); 50 mM MES, pH 6.0, 5 mM CaCl2 (rhCPM); 0.2 M Na2HPO4/0.2 M NaH2PO4 2/7 (v/v) (Leu-AP); 50 mm Tris-HCl, pH 7.65, 0.1 M NaCl (rhCPB and CPB); 25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.85, 1 mM EDTA (endopeptidase Lys C)56
  GHRPs, sermorelin, IGF-1, hCG incubation: 37 °C for 16 h; enzyme/protein ratio: 1:200 (w/w); peptide concentration: 0.2 mg/mL; buffer solutions ammonium bicarbonate, 100 μL of 50 mM acetic acid, pH 8 (2.5 μg sequencing grade trypsin)80
liquid–liquid extraction GHRPs, anamorelin, and [deamino-Cys1-Val4-d-Arg8]-vasopressin (ISTD) sample solution: 2 mL of sample, 200 μL IS (2 μg/mL diamino- Cys1Val4d-Arg8-vasopressin), 200 μL ACN, 200 μL carbonate buffer, pH 12; extraction solution: ethyl acetate, shaking, 30 min79
immunoaffinity porcine insulin, novolog, apidra, lantus DesB(30–32) metabolite, humalog and human insulin, synacthen, LH-RH, GH-RH(1–29), CJC-1295, longR3-IGF-1 and IFG-1 samples dissolved in PBS, pH 7.4, and mixed with primary antibodies (1–3 μg of IgG), paramagnetic beads solution (40 μL of antimouse, 40 μL of antirabbit and 20 μL of protein A suspension), incubation for 1–3 h at 22 °C54