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. 2022 Oct 20;9:1011429. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1011429

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Copyright © 2022 Gao, Xue, Zhan, Wang, Li, Yang and Xia.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Structural remodeling. STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; Smad2,3, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2,3; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; AMPK, adenosine monophosphate kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; Nox, NADPH oxidase; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase; Akt, serine/threonine-protein kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; eNOs, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase; Cx43, connexin 43.