Table 2. Knowledge Helpful to Providing PCC/CSC.

Theme	Subthemes	Representative Quotes
What to Learn	Self-knowledge as “cultural being” with biases	Of course, I have unconscious biases, but I try to be professional and overcome them. You look at yourself and remove your barriers. Look at what you do and look at how you could do it differently. P13 I think it helps to know one's own cultural norms, what impacts my own health and my own wellness. So just understanding what is important in your life that would impact your own health goals and getting better. It helps you understand what is important to your patients. P19
	Knows about types of cultural/lifestyle variations	I make a lot of eye contact with my patients. But in certain cultures, that's offensive. Another thing is touching or exposing patients. It's always good to know the norms of the patient's culture. P1
	Knows each patient is an individual, not a stereotype.	I think culturally competent means looking at every person as an individual human being. P9 Every culture is different. Every person within a culture is unique. They have their own unique belief system and their own experiences. P14
How to learn	Knows how to get cultural info from resources	If I get somebody who is obviously from another culture, I'll look up the culture a little bit. “I google it.”
	Knows how to ask patients sensitive questions	I say, “Please tell me if I'm doing anything that makes you uncomfortable. I don't know about your culture, and I don't want to offend you.” P9 When I don't understand something about their culture, I'll ask them and just tell them “I want to understand and I want to respect what your wants, wishes and desires are.” P15 You need to know how to listen, and you need to know how to probe and ask the questions in a sensitive and thoughtful way. P20
	Knows how to think critically & creatively	I am able to look back on things that didn't go well and to think about what could have been done differently. P11