TABLE 3.

Previous case reports of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with vitamin C deficiency.

Study	Patient characteristics	Growth status	Typical presentations of vitamin C deficiency	Clinical presentations of PAH	Vitamin C level	Combined micronutrient deficiency
Duvall et al. (6) USA	9-year-old boy with ASD	Wt 45 Kg (96th percentile)	Limping	Dry cough, breathing difficulty	Undetectable	Vitamin B1, B6, B12 Vitamin D
Dean et al. (12) USA	6-year-old boy	NA	Lower extremities pain	Cardiac arrest	Undetectable	Vitamin A Vitamin B6
Ichiyanagi et al. (13) Japan	3-year-old boy with autism	Wt 12.3 Kg Ht 95 cm BMI 13.6 Kg/m2	Unstable gait	Heart failure	Undetectable	NA
Abe K, et al. Hawaii (5)	7-year-old boy with ASD	Wt 18.1 Kg (< 1st percentile) Ht 130 cm (78th percentile) BMI 12.7 Kg/m2	Polyarthalgia, gingival bleeding, perifollicular petechiae	Fatigue, tachycardia	Undetectable	Iron
Tan et al. Malaysia (14)	7-year-old boy with ASD	NA	Refuse to walk	Unexplained sinus tachycardia, desaturation	Undetectable	NA
Case presentation 1	6-year-old boy with ASD	Wt 20 Kg (WAZ –0.23) Ht 112 cm (HAZ –0.86) BMI 15.9 Kg/m2	Knee swelling, refuse to walk, corkscrew hair	Progressive dyspnea	Undetectable	Iron Vitamin D
Case presentation 2	5-year-old boy with ASD	Wt 30.2 Kg (WAZ 3.01) Ht 115 cm (HAZ 0.2) BMI 22.8 Kg/m2	Refuse to walk,	Progressive dyspnea, cardiomegaly	Undetectable	Iron Zinc Vitamin D Folate

PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; ASD, autistic spectrum disorder; Wt, weight; Ht, height; BMI, body mass index; NA, not available.