Table 3.
Predictors of adult outcomes in very low birth weight participants
| ASR Mean Adaptive | GAF Function | GAF Symptom | HADS Total | SF-36 Mental | SF-36 Physical | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | (95% CI) | p | B | (95% CI) | p | B | (95% CI) | p | B | (95% CI) | p | B | (95% CI) | p | B | (95% CI) | p | |
| Maternal factors | ||||||||||||||||||
| Maternal glucocorticoids | 0.1 | (-2.8, 2.9) | 0.969 | 3.7 | (-5.8, 13.8) | 0.447 | 0.8 | (-8.3, 9.4) | 0.856 | -1.8 | (-5.7, 2.2) | 0.370 | 1.3 | (-5.8, 8.2) | 0.699 | -0.4 | (-5.2, 4.2) | 0.859 |
| Parental SES | -0.5 | (-1.7,0.7) | 0.421 | -1.7 | (-6.0, 2.7) | 0.504 | -1.7 | (-5.7, 2.6) | 0.471 | 0.9 | (-0.3, 2.1) | 0.138 | -2.5 | (-4.9, -0.4) | 0.019 | 2.1 | (0.4, 4.2) | 0.023 |
| Perinatal Factors | ||||||||||||||||||
| Birthweight (pr.100 g) | 0.3 | (-0.2, 0.8) | 0.282 | 2.5 | (-0.1, 4.5) | 0.048 | 1.1 | (-0.8, 3.0) | 0.264 | -1.0 | (-1.7, -0.3) | 0.011 | 1.0 | (-0.8, 2.4) | 0.237 | -0.4 | (-1.4, 0.6) | 0.401 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 0.5 | (-0.01, 0.9) | 0.058 | 0.6 | (-1.7, 2.9) | 0.577 | 0.6 | (-1.5, 2.8) | 0.534 | -0.6 | (-1.0, 0.1) | 0.040 | 0.4 | (-0.9, 1.4) | 0.477 | -0.4 | (-1.2, 0.4) | 0.335 |
| Apgar at 5 min | 0.1 | (-0.8, 0.9) | 0.853 | 1.3 | (-1.7, 4.8) | 0.425 | 0.7 | (-2.3, 4.3) | 0.679 | -0.7 | (-1.9, 0.3) | 0.191 | 0.6 | (-1.6, 2.6) | 0.548 | -0.6 | (-1.9, 0.8) | 0.344 |
| Days with respiratory support | -0.1 | (-0.2, -0.03) | 0.102 | -0.5 | (-0.9, 0.01) | 0.019 | -0.5 | (-0.9, 0.1) | 0.020 | 0.2 | (0.1, 0.6) | 0.013 | -0.3 | (-0.7, -0.2) | 0.024 | 0.1 | (-0.1, 0.2) | 0.233 |
| Days in NICU | 0.01 | (-0.04, 0.02) | 0.592 | -0.1 | (-0.3, 0.03) | 0.513 | -0.01 | (-0.2, 0.04) | 0.778 | 0.02 | (-0.06, 0.1) | 0.362 | -0.01 | (-0.2, 0.03) | 0.870 | -0.02 | (-0.1, 0.1) | 0.335 |
| IVH | 0.3 | (-1.6, 5.5) | 0.674 | -6.8 | (-11.6, 14.2) | 0.066 | -7.8 | (-11.8, 13.3) | 0.030 | 3.1 | (-1.5, 7.9) | 0.056 | -4.8 | (-15.5, 6.7) | 0.119 | 2.0 | (-5.7, 4.2) | 0.276 |
| BPD | -2.3 | (-5.6, 1.0) | 0.189 | -10.0 | (-22.4, 2.5) | 0.128 | -7.9 | (-20.6, 4.6) | 0.228 | 3.8 | (-0.2, 7.9) | 0.062 | -2.6 | (-10.0, 4.2) | 0.501 | 0.6 | (-4.4, 6.2) | 0.823 |
| Sepsis at birth | 4.2 | (-0.1, 8.2) | 0.040 | -0.5 | (-31.4, 16.3) | 0.969 | 8.3 | (1.2, 14.7) | 0.025 | -2.1 | (-5.7, 1.1) | 0.202 | 7.1 | (0.5, 13.5) | 0.030 | -2.2 | (-9.1, 4.8) | 0.472 |
| Motor Function | ||||||||||||||||||
| BSID PDI 1y | 0.03 | (-0.1, 0.2) | 0.787 | -0.02 | (-0.3, 0.5) | 0.848 | -0.1 | (-0.3, 0.4) | 0.590 | -0.1 | (-0.4, 0.04) | 0.204 | 0.1 | (-0.1, 0.5) | 0.653 | 0.1 | (-0.2, 0.3) | 0.196 |
| PDMS Eye-hand 5y | 0.1 | (-0.3, 0.6) | 0.635 | 1.1 | (-0.2, 2.5) | 0.305 | 0.8 | (-0.7, 2.2) | 0.463 | -0.4 | (-0.8, 0.2) | 0.122 | 0.3 | (-0.6, 1.0) | 0.608 | 0.6 | (0.2, 1.1) | 0.008 |
| PDMS Balance 5y | 0.4 | (-0.6, 0.9) | 0.450 | 0.8 | (-2.0, 3.4) | 0.659 | 0.5 | (-2.3, 3.1) | 0.794 | -0.3 | (-1.1, 1.2) | 0.459 | 0.2 | (-1.2, 1.1) | 0.735 | 0.7 | (-0.1, 1.2) | 0.026 |
| PDMS Locomotor 5y | 0.1 | (-0.2, 0.4) | 0.558 | 0.5 | (-0.4, 1.3) | 0.390 | 0.3 | (-0.6, 1.1) | 0.627 | -0.2 | (-0.4, 0.3) | 0.268 | 0.1 | (-0.3, 0.5) | 0.592 | 0.3 | (-0.1, 0.5) | 0.045 |
| MABC Total 14y | -0.1 | (-0.3, 0.3) | 0.650 | -0.7 | (-1.5, 0.4) | 0.080 | -0.8 | (-1.5, 0.4) | 0.042 | 0.4 | (0.1, 0.6) | 0.003 | -0.7 | (-1.0, -0.1) | 0.002 | -0.2 | (-0.5, 0.1) | 0.212 |
| Cerebral palsy | -2.6 | (-16.7, 9.4) | 0.686 | -28.1 | (-61.8, 13.4) | 0.169 | -12.1 | (-38.6, 3.5) | 0.291 | 2.0 | (-7.5, 8.9) | 0.658 | 1.3 | (-10.8, 16.1) | 0.846 | -1.2 | (-11.9, 15.5) | 0.894 |
| Cognitive Function | ||||||||||||||||||
| BSID MDI 1y | 0.02 | (-0.2, 0.3) | 0.863 | -0.04 | (-0.3, 0.3) | 0.679 | -0.2 | (-0.4, 0.1) | 0.120 | 0.1 | (-0.1, 0.4) | 0.513 | -0.2 | (-0.7, 0.1) | 0.213 | 0.1 | (-0.2, 0.3) | 0.372 |
| WPPSI 5y | -0.02 | (-0.2, 0.1) | 0.800 | 0.01 | (-0.5, 0.3) | 0.971 | -0.03 | (-0.5, 0.2) | 0.776 | -0.02 | (-0.1, 0.1) | 0.773 | -0.1 | (-0.3, 0.2) | 0.281 | 0.2 | (0.1, 0.4) | 0.007 |
| WISC-III 14y | -0.03 | (-0.1, 0.04) | 0.411 | 0.4 | (0.1, 0.7) | 0.053 | 0.1 | (-0.05, 0.4) | 0.186 | -0.1 | (-0.1, 0.04) | 0.198 | 0.1 | (-0.1, 0.3) | 0.499 | 0.1 | (-0.02, 0.2) | 0.057 |
ASR: Adult Self-Report, B: Unstandardised beta; BPD: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, BSID: Bayley Scales of Infant Development, IVH: Intraventricular Haemorrhage, MABC: Movement Assessment Battery for Children, MDI: Mental Development Index, PDI: Psychomotor Development Index, PDMS: Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, SES: Socioeconomic status, SF-36: Short Form 36 Health Survey, WISC-III: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Third edition, WPPSI-R: Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Revised. Linear regression using ASR Mean Adaptive score, GAF Function and Symptom scores, HADS Total score and SF-36 Physical and Mental Component Summaries as dependent variables, and maternal and perinatal factors as well as motor and cognitive function as independent variables. Confidence intervals and p-values are based on bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap (BCa).