Table 1.

Donor age affected genes within chondrogenic pellets

CELL TYPE	GENE FUNCTION
	Proliferation regulators	Signaling	Transcription factors	Extracellular matrix
AT-MSCs	Up-regulated BARD1 (-) BRCA1† (-) CASP8 (-) CLU ( +) LOC100146270 (-) PCNA ( +) PDGFD ( +)	Up-regulated MET		Up-regulated DMP1
				Down-regulated CRTAC1 SMDP3†
BM-MSCs	Up-regulated BARD1 (-) BRCA1† (-) CASP8 (-) CCND1 ( +) CDKN1A (-) CTNNB1 ( +) GLB1† (-) HDGF ( +) LOC100146270 (-) MYC ( +) PCNA ( +) PHB (-) TGFA ( +) TP53† (-)	Up-regulated GDF6 PHEX	Up-regulated BMP4 BMP7 TGFB3	Up-regulated COL4A1 DMP1 LOC100146589
	Down-regulated BCL2 ( +) CLU ( +) IGF1† ( +) PDGFD ( +)	Down-regulated ALPL† ABI3BP FGFR3 IGFBP5 MIA† S100A1 TNFRSF11B	Down-regulated BMP6 SNAI2†	Down-regulated ACAN CHADL COL1A1 COL9A2 COL11A1 COL12A1 COMP MMP13† SMPD3† SPARC
DFs	Down-regulated BCL2 ( +) CCND1 ( +) CTGF ( +) HGF ( +) TP53† (-)	Down-regulated GDF6 TIMP2 SMOC1	Down-regulated GLI3 RUNX3	Down-regulated ACAN COL5A3 SMPD3†

All listed genes were significantly affected by donor age within pellets made from adipose tissue (AT)- and bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and dermal fibroblasts (DF) from horses in five different age groups (n = 4, N = 60) after 21 days of culture in chondrogenic induction medium as determined by one-way ANOVA when p < 0.05. Up-regulated genes indicate an up-regulation in gene expression with increasing donor age. Down-regulated genes indicate a down-regulation in gene expression with increasing donor age. ^†: Categorized based on main function related to chondrogenesis, but could be categorized in more than one annotation category, ( +): Enhance proliferation, (-): Inhibits proliferation