Fig. 1.

Association between plasma AβO levels and self-perceived cognitive decline. Multiple regression models show that participants with higher SCDQ and MACQ scores had higher plasma AβO levels, regardless of the method used to measure AβO levels (ratio or concentration [ng/mL]). Higher SCDQ and MACQ scores indicate more subjectively perceived cognitive decline. Models were adjusted for age, sex, years of education, BMI, presence of APOE4, GDS, CDR-SB, the presence of frailty, SNSB-C Z-scores, and history of ever smoking, heavy alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and dyslipidemia. Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid-β; AβO, amyloid-β oligomer; APOE4, apolipoprotein E ε4 allele; BMI, body mass index; CDR-SB, Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MACQ, Memory Complaint Questionnaire; SCDQ, Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire; SNSB-C, Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Core