Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of women by change in MetS status, Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
| MetS-free (n = 1302) |
MetS-developed (n = 210) |
MetS-recovery (n = 288) |
MetS-stable (n = 884) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous variable | |||||
| Age, year | 45.4 (9.8) | 51.7 (10.7) | 52.3 (10.1) | 56.4 10.9) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.2 (3.8) | 30.1 (3.9) | 30.0 (4.1) | 31.8 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
| WC, cm | 85.4 (10.1) | 96.0 (8.3) | 94.2 (9.4) | 100.9 (9.6) | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 106.6 (13.5) | 121 (17.1) | 115.9 (16.7) | 129.5 (20.8) | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 70.2 (8.6) | 77.3 (9.5) | 74.3 (9.2) | 78.5 (10.5) | < 0.001 |
| TG, mmol/L* | 1.2 (0.7) | 2.0 (0.7) | 1.5 (0.6) | 2.2 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L* | 4.7 (0.4) | 5.1 (0.9) | 4.9 (0.6) | 5.7 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.22 (0.27) | 1.07 (0.23) | 1.15 (0.27) | 1.03 (0.21) | < 0.001 |
| Categorical variable | |||||
| Smoking | |||||
| Current smoker | 69 (5.3) | 11 (5.2) | 12 (4.2) | 37 (4.2) | 0.351 |
| Past smoker | 24 (1.8) | 1 (0.5) | 5 (1.7) | 24 (2.7) | |
| never smoker | 1209 (92.9) | 198 (94.3) | 271 (94.1) | 823 (93.1) | |
| Education | |||||
| < 6 years | 319 (24.5) | 95 (45.2) | 135 (46.9) | 556 (62.9) | < 0.001 |
| 6–12 years | 791 (60.8) | 97 (46.2) | 133 (46.2) | 295 (33.4) | |
| > 12 years | 192 (14.7) | 18 (8.6) | 20 (6.9) | 33 (3.7) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 72 (5.5) | 3 (1.4) | 8 (2.8) | 13 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
| Married | 1102 (84.6) | 179 (85.2) | 239 (83.0) | 667 (75.5) | |
| widowed/divorced | 128 (9.8) | 28 (13.3) | 41 (14.2) | 204 (23.1) | |
| Physical activity level (low) | 373 (28.6) | 64 (30.5) | 85 (29.5) | 326 (36.9) | 0.001 |
| FH-CVD (yes) | 138 (10.6) | 27 (12.9) | 28 (9.7) | 94 (10.6) | 0.722 |
| Anti-hypertensive drug use (yes) | 15 (1.2) | 21 (10.0) | 10 (3.5) | 154 (17.4) | < 0.001 |
| Anti-diabetic drug use (yes) | 11 (0.8) | 12 (5.7) | 15 (5.2) | 185 (20.9) | < 0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering drug use (yes) | 21 (1.6) | 21 (10.0) | 6 (2.1) | 148 (16.7) | < 0.001 |
The characteristics are presented at phase 3 (2005–2008) (defined as baseline). Data are shown as mean (SD) for continuous variables or number (percent) for categorical variables.
* Data are shown as median (IQR), due to skewed distribution, and comparisons were done by Kruskal-Wallis test. SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TG: Triglycerides; CVD: cardiovascular diseases; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FH-CVD: family history of CVD; MetS: metabolic syndrome; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range