Table 1.
The characteristics of the subjects in the control and GDM groups
| Variables | Control group (n = 48) | GDM group (n = 48) | P- value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 30.16 ± 1.99 | 30.87 ± 3.39 | 0.21* |
| Weight (kg) | 69.46 ± 3.56 | 72.06 ± 5.02 | 0.004* |
| Height (cm) | 165.68 ± 3.30 | 165.22 ± 3.24 | 0.49* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.30 ± 1.18 | 26.37 ± 1.28 | < 0.001* |
| Weight gain (kg) | 8.83 ± 1.32 | 9.95 ± 1.27 | < 0.001* |
| Week of Pregnancy | 26.73 ± 1.36 | 27.08 ± 1.09 | 0.16* |
| Education (N) (%)a | |||
| High school diploma and sub-diploma | 9 (69.2) | 4 (30.8) | 0.47** |
| Associate | 18 (50) | 18 (50) | |
| Bachelor | 14 (43.8) | 18 (56.3) | |
| Master and Ph.D | 7 (46.7) | 8 (53.3) | |
| Job (N) (%) | |||
| Official | 14 (40) | 21 (60) | 0.22** |
| Non-official | 19 (61.3) | 12 (38.7) | |
| Housewife | 15 (50) | 15 (50) | |
| Family history of GDM (N) (%) | |||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 6 (100) | 0.01** |
| No | 48 (53.3) | 42 (46.7) | |
| Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (N) (%) | |||
| Yes | 6 (31.6) | 13 (68.4) | 0.07** |
| No | 42 (54.5) | 35 (45.5) | |
| Number of pregnancies (N) (%) | |||
| First | 14 (50) | 14 (50) | 0.87** |
| Second | 23 (52.3) | 21 (47.7) | |
| Third | 11 (45.8) | 13 (54.2) | |
| Levels of physical activity (N) (%) | |||
| Moderate | 13 (43.3) | 17 (56.7) | 0.37** |
| Heavy | 35 (53) | 31 (47) | |
| Fetal sex (N) (%) | |||
| Boy | 19 (42.2) | 26 (57.8) | 0.15** |
| Girl | 29 (56.9) | 22 (43.1) | |
Abbreviation: GDM Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, BMI Body mass index
a A high school diploma or high school degree is awarded upon high school graduation. An associate degree is an undergraduate degree awarded after a course of post-secondary study lasting two to three years
Values are expressed as means ± SD. *P < 0.05 was considered as significant using Independent t-test for comparison between the two groups. ** P < 0.05 was considered as significant using Chi-square test