Table 1.
All patients | Non-FLD | FLD | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n | 370 | 154 | 216 | |
Age, y | 58.0 ± 9.2 | 57.8 ± 10.0 | 58.1 ± 8.7 | 0.782 |
Men, n (%) | 263 (71.1) | 92 (59.7) | 171 (79.2) | <0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.6 ± 4.0 | 26.4 ± 4.0 | 28.5 ± 3.8 | <0.001 |
Waist circumf., cm | 99 ± 12 | 95 ± 13 | 101 ± 10 | 0.066 |
CUNBAE, % | 32.4 ± 5.8 | 32.3 ± 6.2 | 32.6 ± 5.5 | 0.646 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 92 (24.9) | 31 (20.1) | 61 (28.2) | 0.075 |
Prediabetes, n (%) | 135 (36.5) | 34 (22.1) | 101 (46.8) | <0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 39 (10.5) | 8 (5.2) | 31 (14.4) | 0.005 |
Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 113 (30.5) | 34 (22.1) | 79 (36.6) | 0.003 |
Current Smoking, n (%) | 157 (46.3) | 63 (44.7) | 94 (47.5) | 0.439 |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) |
136 (36.8) | 51 (47.2) | 85 (55.2) | 0.204 |
CVD family history, n (%) |
94 (31.9) | 35 (28.2) | 59 (34.5) | 0.253 |
Antihypertensive therapy, n (%) | 74 (20.0) | 31 (20.1) | 43 (19.9) | 0.958 |
Lipid-lowering therapy, n (%) |
41 (11.1) | 19 (12.4) | 22 (10.2) | 0.501 |
Antiplatelet therapy, n (%) |
23 (6.2) | 9 (5.8) | 14 (6.5) | 0.802 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 104 ± 27 | 98 ± 18 | 108 ± 31 | <0.001 |
Insulin (U/mL) | 12.6 ± 8.0 | 9.9 ± 5.9 | 14.1 ± 8.7 | 0.007 |
HOMA-IR | 3.5 ± 2.6 | 2.6 ± 1.8 | 4.0 ± 2.8 | <0.005 |
Triacylglycerol (mg/dL) | 116.6 ± 77.2 | 93 ± 59 | 132 ± 84 | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 221.5 ± 40.8 | 214 ± 37 | 226 ± 43 | 0.005 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 144.4 ± 36.3 | 140 ± 30 | 148 ± 40 | 0.048 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 54.0 ± 15.6 | 56 ± 17 | 52 ± 14 | 0.015 |
Urate (mg/dl) | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 6.1 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
ALT, IU/L | 20.3 ± 12.2 | 16 ± 8 | 23 ± 14 | <0.001 |
ALP, IU/L | 91.2 ± 28.8 | 91 ± 28 | 91 ± 29 | 0.993 |
GGT, IU/L | 26.2 ± 27.0 | 21 ± 16 | 30 ± 32 | 0.003 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
GFR MDRD (ml/min/1.73 m2) |
79.8 ± 16.2 | 81.6 ± 17.9 | 78.6 ± 14.8 | 0.075 |
GFR CPK-EPI (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 88.4 ± 15.1 | 89.7 ± 16.1 | 87.4 ± 14.2 | 0.169 |
Urine Albumin to creatinine ratio, mg/g | 1.9 ± 2.8 | 1.6 ± 2.0 | 2.2 ± 3.1 | 0.142 |
BAAT Score | - | - | 2 ± 1 | - |
Values are expressed as mean (SD), unless otherwise stated.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BMI, body mass index; CUNBAE, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-body adiposity estimator; CPK-EPI, chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation; FLD, fatty liver disease; GGT, glutamyl transferase; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL, low density lipoprotein; MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease; MD, metabolic dysfunction; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease equation.