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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 3.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Surg. 2015 Oct;262(4):563–569. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001439

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1.

Principal component analysis (PCA) biplots for 538 study subjects based on 289,639 genome-wide markers. (A) Subjects are identified based on self-identified race, illustrating both clustering in accordance with self-identified race as well as considerable genetic substructure, particularly among Whites. (B) Subjects are identified based on self-identified ethnicity, illustrating lack of separation between Hispanics from Non-Hispanics.