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. 2022 Oct 20;13:991048. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.991048

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Copyright © 2022 Yang, Le, Simovic, Liu, Fraker, Cancio, Cap, Wade, DalleLucca and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Biomarkers of endothelial cell and tissue damage are elevated in poly-trauma patients. The blood samples were collected upon admission, and at 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, and 120h after admission, and the endothelial cell and tissue damage biomarkers of Syndecan-1 (A), sTM (B), sVEGFr1 (C), and hcDNA (D) were measured by ELISA. The numbers of analyzed patients for the individual groups are displayed below the graph on each panel. The data were presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed by linear mixed-effect model for repeated measures and the least square means of each group comparison. * p<0.05, ISS>24 vs. ISS<16; † p<0.05, ISS>24 vs. ISS=16-24.