Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of non-END and END groups in SSI patients with and without diabetes.
| Non-diabetic SSI (n = 142) | diabetic SSI (n = 93) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-END (n = 111) | END (n = 31) | P-value | Non-END (n = 71) | END (n = 22) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 65.74 ± 12.12 | 68.71 ± 11.35 | 0.224 | 66.31 ± 10.25 | 67.09 ± 9.73 | 0.753 |
| Male, N (%) | 77 (69.4%) | 17 (54.8%) | 0.131 | 45 (63.4) | 17 (77.3) | 0.227 |
| Onset to END time (days) | 4.00 (4.00–5.00) | 4.00 (3.00–5.25) | ||||
| Onset to NLR testing time (hours) | 52.00 (42.00–72.00) | 48.00 (42.00–72.00) | 0.431 | 48.00 (40.00–72.00) | 48.00 (41.75–60.50) | 0.924 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.47 ± 3.31 | 25.01 ± 3.37 | 0.065 | 24.59 ± 3.32 | 25.31 ± 3.33 | 0.459 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 87 (78.4%) | 26 (83.9%) | 0.502 | 64 (90.1%) | 19 (86.4%) | 0.696 |
| Hyperlipidemia, N (%) | 24 (21.6%) | 5 (16.1%) | 0.502 | 28 (39.4%) | 4 (18.2%) | 0.077 |
| Coronary disease, N (%) | 10 (9.0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.287 | 6 (8.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.330 |
| Previous stroke, N (%) | 24 (21.6%) | 4 (12.9%) | 0.281 | 15 (21.1%) | 7 (31.8%) | 0.303 |
| Smoking, N (%) | 50 (45.0%) | 12 (38.7%) | 0.529 | 33 (46.5%) | 10 (45.5%) | 0.933 |
| Drinking, N (%) | 34 (30.6%) | 5 (16.1%) | 0.110 | 16 (22.5%) | 9 (40.9%) | 0.089 |
| Initial NIHSS score | 3.00 (2.00–4.00) | 4.00 (3.00–5.00) | 0.005 | 2.00 (2.00–5.00) | 4.00 (3.00–5.25) | 0.023 |
| Type of SSI, N (%) | <0.001 | 0.033 | ||||
| CSVD | 65 (58.6%) | 5 (16.1%) | 41 (57.7%) | 7 (31.8%) | ||
| BAD | 46 (41.4%) | 26 (83.9%) | 30 (42.3%) | 15 (68.2%) | ||
| Lesion location, N (%) | 0.462 | 0.949 | ||||
| LSA | 60 (54.1%) | 14 (45.2%) | 29 (40.8%) | 9 (40.9%) | ||
| AChA | 27 (24.3%) | 7 (22.6%) | 11 (15.5%) | 4 (18.2%) | ||
| PPA | 24 (21.6%) | 10 (32.3%) | 31 (43.7%) | 9 (40.9%) | ||
| Lesion diameter (mm) | 12.00 (9.00–16.00) | 17.00 (13.00–19.00) | <0.001 | 11.00 (9.00–17.00) | 16.00 (10.75–18.25) | 0.031 |
| Lesion depth (slide n) | 2.00 (1.00–3.00) | 2.00 (2.00–3.00) | 0.154 | 2.00 (1.00–2.00) | 2.00 (2.00–3.00) | 0.004 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.07 (4.67–5.47) | 5.26 (4.81–5.74) | 0.239 | 7.29 (6.17–11.19) | 8.29 (6.75–10.87) | 0.324 |
| 2hPBG (mmol/L) | 6.25 (5.62–7.67) | 6.65 (5.87–7.20) | 0.641 | 11.20 (9.10–14.20) | 12.70 (10.15–13.50) | 0.319 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.55 (5.26–5.80) | 5.50 (5.15–5.89) | 0.927 | 7.43 (6.50–9.31) | 8.00 (6.72–9.49) | 0.602 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.58 (3.89–5.31) | 4.56 (3.52–5.36) | 0.732 | 4.55 (3.90–5.75) | 4.49 (3.94–5.19) | 0.668 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.14 (0.92–1.63) | 1.02 (0.85–1.39) | 0.333 | 1.66 (1.10–2.45) | 1.43 (1.08–2.14) | 0.453 |
| HDL, (mmol/L) | 1.04 (0.92–1.26) | 1.00 (0.88–1.26) | 0.501 | 1.01 (0.85–1.15) | 1.04 (0.86–1.17) | 0.740 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.86 (2.28–3.36) | 2.89 (2.27–3.35) | 0.859 | 2.94 (2.41–3.50) | 2.67 (2.35–3.57) | 0.552 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 76.25 (60.90–87.87) | 70.50 (55.60–81.30) | 0.064 | 71.20 (57.25–85.82) | 71.10 (58.95–77.45) | 0.880 |
| eGFR (mL·min−1·1.73m−2) | 86.10 (73.32–97.08) | 86.54 (78.34–94.96) | 0.695 | 89.19 (74.60–99.83) | 90.61 (82.59–103.24) | 0.658 |
| White blood cells (× 109/L) | 6.42 (5.00–7.50) | 6.44 (5.15–8.07) | 0.643 | 7.00 (5.79–8.18) | 7.35 (5.64–8.77) | 0.736 |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.55 (0.80–3.66) | 1.79 (0.88–4.63) | 0.565 | 1.75 (0.94–3.92) | 3.17 (0.98–6.31) | 0.293 |
| NLR | 2.37 (1.76–3.79) | 2.41 (1.78–4.39) | 0.585 | 2.64 (1.89–3.18) | 3.59 (2.18–4.84) | 0.032 |
END, early neurological deterioration; BMI, body mass index; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SSI, single subcortical infarction; CSVD, cerebral small vessel disease; BAD, branch atheromatous disease; LSA, lenticulostriate artery; AChA, anterior choroidal artery; PPA, paramedian pontine arteries; FBG, fasting blood glucose; 2hPBG, 2-h postprandial blood glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.