Table 1. Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of DKA patients at admission.
| Variable | All patients (n = 52) |
|---|---|
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 28 (20-44) |
| Male, n (%) | 23 (44) |
| Duration of diabetes mellitus in years, median (IQR) | 10 (2.25-16.75) |
| Type of diabetes mellitus, n (%) | |
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus | 34 (65.4) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 10 (19.2) |
| New diabetes mellitus diagnosis | 8 (15.4) |
| Medication use before DKA, n (%) | |
| Insulin use | 37 (71.2) |
| OHA use | 7 (13.5) |
| No treatment | 8 (15.3) |
| Drug abuse, n (%) | 4 (7.69) |
| Psychiatric disease, n (%) | 6 (11.53) |
| Malignant neoplasia, n (%) | 2 (3.8) |
| Serum glucose, mg/dl, median (IQR) | 466 (393-639) |
| Arterial pH, mean ± SD | 7.18 ± 0.15 |
| Serum bicarbonate, millimole, mean ± SD | 7.5 ± 4.8 |
| Excess base, millimole, mean ± SD | -18 ± 6,2 |
| Arterial lactate, millimole, mean ± SD | 2.16 ± 1.12 |
| Serum anion gap, millimole, mean ± SD | 26.68 ± 8.65 |
| Serum albumin, g/dl, median (IQR) | 4.00 (3.92-4.30) |
| Calculated serum osmolality, mOsm/kg, median (IQR) | 290 (283-304) |
| Serum sodium, millimole, mean ± SD | 131.31 ± 5.87 |
| Serum potassium, millimole, mean ± SD | 4.95 ± 1.06 |
| Serum chloride, millimole, mean ± SD | 94.88 ± 9.5 |
| Admission creatinine, mg/dl, median (IQR) | 1,20 (0.98-1.62) |
| Admission urea, mg/dl, mean ± SD | 50.42 ± 30.13 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2, mean ± SD | 67.90 ± 33.7 |
| History of known CKD, n (%) | 5 (9.6) |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dl, mean ± SD | 0.55 ± 0.31 |
| Length of hospital stay in days, median (IQR) | 5 (4.00-8.25) |
| APACHE II, points, mean ± SD | 11.8 ± 6.1 |
| SOFA, points, median (IQR) | 1.5 (0-3.25) |
| DKA classification, n (%) | |
| Mild | 4 (7.7) |
| Moderate | 11 (21.2) |
| Severe | 37 (71.1) |
DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis; IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD = chronic kidney disease; APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment; OHA = oral hypoglycemic agents.