. 2021 Feb 24;139(1):10–17. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0285.R1.21102020

Table 2. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of DKA patients according to in-hospital mortality after DKA admission.

	All patients (n = 52)	In-hospital mortality		P-value
	All patients (n = 52)	Alive (n = 49)	Dead (n = 3)	P-value
Age, years, median (IQR)	28 (20-4 4)	28 (20-41)	63 (42-68)	0.12^a
Sex				0.08^b
Male, n (%)	23 44.2)	20	3	0.08^b
DM diagnosis, n				0.14^b
New DM diagnosis	8	8	0
DM1	35	34	1
DM2	9	7	2
APACHE II, points, mean ± SD	11.8 ± 6.1	12.02 ± 6.44	17 ± 11.53	0.21^a
SOFA score, points, median (IQR)	1.5 (0-3.25)	1 (0-3)	4 (1-4 )	0.23^a
No. of comorbidities, n (%)				0.25^b
None	21	20	1
1	13	14	0
2 or more	16	14	2
Infection				0.08^b
No	29	29	0
Yes	22	20	3
DKA severity, n (%)				1.00^b
Mild/moderate	15	14	1
Severe	36	35	2
pH, mean ± SD	7.18 ± 0.15	7.17 ± 0.15	7.33 ± 0.07	0.07 ^a
Excess base, mmol/l, mean ± SD	-18 ± 6.2	-19.1 ± 6.13	-12.1 ± 3.35	0.28^a
Serum potassium, millimole, mean ± SD	4.95 ± 1.06	5.01 ± 1.04	3.93 ± 0.86	0.15^a
Serum anion gap, millimole, mean ± SD	26.68 ± 8.65	26.92 ± 8.71	22.83 ± 7.95	0.47^a
Serum glucose, mg/dl, median (IQR)	466 (393-639)	459 (391-648)	558 (423-640)	0.70^a
Serum albumin, g/dl, median (IQR)	4.00 (3.92-4.30)	4.00 (4.00-4.35)	3.50 (2.30-4.00)	0.06^a
Osmolality, mOsm/kg, median (IQR)	290 (283-304)	290 (284-304)	300 (283-304)	0.52^a
Lactate, mmol/l, mean ± SD	2.16 ± 1.12	2.18 ± 1.14	1.88 ± 0.83	0.66^a
Lactate, n (%)				1.00^b
< 2 mmol/l	28	26	2
≥ 2 mmol/l	24	23	1
Lactate, n (%)				1.00^b
< 4 mmol/l	48	46	3
≥ 4 mmol/l	3	3	0
Duration of DM, years, mean ± SD	10.54 ± 9.66	10.23 ± 9.82	15.67 ± 5.13	0.13^a
Length of stay, days, median (IQR)	5 (4.00-8.25)	5 (4.00-8.00)	21 (4.00-8.00)	0.12^a

^aMann-Whitney U or paired t test; ^bFisher exact test or likelihood ratio test; DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis; IQR = interquartile range; DM = diabetes mellitus; SD = standard deviation; SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment.