. 2022 Nov 3;18(1):43–55. doi: 10.1007/s00003-022-01405-w

Table 9.

The relation between the demographic characteristics and food hygiene practice

Variables	n	Pass rate %	p-value	Mean score	p-value
Age
18–25	1503	29.3	0.412^a	2.31	0.004^c
26–35		14.2		2.28
36–50		20.7		2.42
51 above		23.4		2.51
Gender
Male	1503	17.6	0.00^a	2.12	0.000^c
Female		70.0		2.45
Other		0.0		1.00
Marital status
Unmarried	1503	43.3	0.383^a	2.33	0.034^c
Married with children		30.4		2.38
Married without children		5.7		2.55
Other				2.38
Educational level
Primary school	1505	0.6	0.826^a	2.0	0.222^c
Secondary school		25.4		2.34
University/College/Institute of Technology degree		61.6		2.40
No formal education		0.1		3.0
Gross annual income Euro (€)
< 30,000	1499	42.9	0.600^a	2.35	0.787^c
30,000–60,000		31.7		2.42
60,000–100,000		10.6		2.38
100,000 and above		2.3		1.37
Nationality
Irish	1502	79.5	0.188^a	2.39	0.906^b
Other	1502	8.0	0.188^a	2.34	0.906^b
Residence
City/Town	1503	47.9	0.333^a	2.37	0.617^c
Countryside	1503	36.8	0.333^a	2.39	0.617^c

^a Pearson Chi-square (χ2) test was conducted

^b Mann Whitney U test conducted

^c Kruskal Wallis test conducted