Table 2.

Measures to Avoid Latent Errors and Structural Adaptations

Staff Management	Structural Adaptations
Involvement of the whole team in planning of COVID-19-specific ICU organization {2, 4}	Definition of clean and contaminated zones
Integration of the whole team in the execution of the measures {1, 2, 5}	Usage of easy to disinfect equipment only
Daily prebriefings and debriefings {1, 2, 4, 7}	Hypobaric zones in the contaminated areas and inpatient rooms
Definition and regular improvement of a treatment protocol {2}	Definition of specific entrance and exit gates for the contaminated zone for patients, staff, and material
Easily accessible and up to date information management (central data server, instant messaging via smartphone application) {2}	Establishment of routes for patient transports Bedside execution of medical procedures
Constant exchange with hospital management and technical department
Minimizing the number of patient handovers by 12 hours shifts {5} Creation of a designated handover sheet {2, 7} Flexible break times {6, 7} Creation of additional break rooms {6, 7}

COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit.