Table 2.
A comprehensive table of chemokines, chemokines receptors, cellular source and targets, as well as potential role(s) in liver diseases and liver fibrosis
| Chemokine | Common name | Receptor | Cellular source in fibrosis | Target cells | Role in liver disease |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCL1 | I-309, TCA-3 | CCR8 | BECs, LSECs | Macrophages, monocytes | Fibrosis |
| CCL2 | MCP-1 | CCR2 | BECs, hepatocytes, HSCs, Kupffer cell, macrophages, monocytes | HSCs, macrophages, monocytes | Inflammation, fibrosis, ALD, MAFLD, PBC |
| CCL3 | MIP-1α | CCR1, CCR5 | BECs | CD8 T, NK, Th1 | HCV, MAFLD, PBC, fibrosis |
| CCL4 | MIP-1β | CCR1, CCR5 | BECs | CD8 T, NK, Th1 | HCV, MAFLD, PBC, fibrosis |
| CCL5 | RANTES | CCR1, CCR5 | BECs, hepatocytes, HSCs, Kupffer cell, macrophages, monocytes | CD8 T, HSCs, NK, Th1 | HCV, MAFLD, PBC, fibrosis |
| CCL17 | TARC | CCR4 | – | Tregs | HCV |
| CCL19 | ELC | CCR7 | – | CD8 T, DCs | HCV |
| CCL20 | MIP-3α | CCR6 | BECs, hepatocytes, HSCs, macrophages, monocytes | gd T, Th17, HSCs | ALD, fibrosis, HCV |
| CCL21 | SLC | CCR7 | – | CD8 T, DCs | HCV |
| CCL22 | MDC | CCR4 | – | Tregs | HCV |
| CCL25 | TECK | CCR8 | – | HSCs, macrophages, monocytes | Fibrosis |
| CXCL1 | GRO-α | CXCR2 | Hepatocytes, Kupffer cell | Neutrophils, monocytes | Inflammation, ALD, MAFLD |
| CXCL2 | GRO-β | CXCR2 | BECs, hepatocytes | Neutrophils, monocytes | Inflammation, ALD, MAFLD |
| CXCL5 | ENA-78 | CXCR2 | Hepatocytes | Neutrophils | ALD, fibrosis |
| CXCL6 | GCP-2 | CXCR1, CXCR2 | Hepatocytes | Neutrophils, monocytes | ALD |
| CXCL8 | IL-8 | CXCR1, CXCR2 | Hepatocytes | Neutrophils, monocytes | Inflammation, ALD, MAFLD, PBC |
| CXCL9 | MIG | CXCR3 | Hepatocytes, HSCs, LSECs | NK, Th1, Th17 | HCV, fibrosis, PBC, AIH |
| CXCL10 | IP-10 | CXCR3 | Hepatocytes, HSCs, LSECs | NK, Th1, Th17, HSCs | HCV, MAFLD, fibrosis, PBC, AIH |
| CXCL11 | I-TAC | CXCR3 | Hepatocytes, LSECs | NK, Th1, Th17 | HCV, fibrosis, AIH |
| CXCL12 | SDF-1 | CXCR4, CXCR7 | BECs, LSECs | HSCs, LSECs | Fibrosis |
| CXCL13 | BCA-1 | CXCR5 | B cells | HCV | |
| CXCL16 | SRPSOX | CXCR6 | Kupffer cell, LSECs | NKT cells | HCV, fibrosis (pro and anti), AIH |
| CX3CL1 | FRACTALKINE | CX3CR1 | Hepatocytes, HSCs, Kupffer cell | Macrophages, monocytes | HCV, fibrosis (anti) |
| MIF | N/A | CXCR2, CXCR4, CXCR7 | BECs, hepatocytes, macrophages, monocytes | Macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, NKT cells | ALD, MAFLD, fibrosis (pro and anti) |
BECs, biliary epithelial cells; LSECs, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; HSCs, hepatic stellate cells; NK, natural killer; Treg, regulatory T cell; DCs, dendritic cells; NKT, natural killer T; ALD, alcohol-associated liver disease; MAFLD, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease; PBC, primary biliary cholangitis; HCV, hepatitis C virus; AIH, autoimmune hepatitis.