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. 2022 Nov 3;17(11):e0276907. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276907

Table 1. Description of the Healthy Minds Study sample of Middle Eastern/Arab American (MENA) college students and non-MENA white college students.

MENA students
N = 2,494
non-MENA white students
N = 84,423
significant diff?
Demographics, N (weighted %)
Age (21 or younger) 1153 (49.7) 48819 (60.3) *
Undergraduate 1428 (64.5) 57073 (70.6) *
Gender *
Male 917 (45.5) 26087 (40.3)
Female 1522 (52.1) 56429 (56.8)
Gender minority 55 (2.4) 1907 (2.8)
Self-identified race/ethnicity (not exclusive)
White 851 (32.6) 84423 (100)
Black 92 (4.2) 1338 (1.8)
Hispanic 142 (5.5) 4520 (5.3)
American Indian or American Native 40 (1.8) 1361 (1.8)
Asian or Pacific Islander 147 (6.1) 2848 (3.1)
Other 69 (3.0) 597 (0.8)
Sexual orientation *
Heterosexual 2105 (83.9) 70210 (82.0)
Lesbian/Gay 200 (7.9) 7977 (10.2)
Bisexual/Questioning/Other 189 (8.1) 6236 (7.9)
First generation 648 (28.4) 22352 (30.0)
Citizen 1862 (75.3) 82296 (97.7) *
Religion (not exclusive) *
Christian 645 (22.6) 51077 (54.8)
Muslim 1081 (43.7) 279 (0.3)
Atheist/Agnostic 461 (15.6) 22104 (23.4)
Other 484 (16.7) 17457 (20.0)
Missing 207 (6.9) 5204 (4.8)
Mental Health Symptoms, N (weighted %)
Depression (PHQ-9> = 10) 829 (36.0) 24693 (31.5) *
Anxiety (GAD-7> = 10) 734 (31.9) 22166 (27.5) *
Modifiers, N (weighted %)
Experienced discrimination in the past 12 months 261 (11.3) 3655 (5.1) *
Religiosity (important) 652 (27.9) 12820 (15.4) *

* Denotes a statistically significant difference between MENA and non-MENA white students at the p<0.05 level using a chi-squared statistic.