Skip to main content
. 2022 Nov 3;17(11):e0275258. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275258

Fig 10. Diagram of the potential mechanism of the effects of leonurine attenuating cardiac fibrosis in heart failure.

Fig 10

Leonurine inhibited the activation of Smad2 phosphorylation and regulated the TGF-β/Smad2 signalling pathway, thereby the expression of proteins related to pyroptosis including Caspase 1 and GSDMD. The release of a large number of inflammatory factors like IL-1β caused cardiac fibrosis and promoted the pathological process of heart failure. TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TGF R1, transforming growth factor receptor 1; TGF R2, transforming growth factor receptor 2; Smad2, small mothers against decapentaplegic 2; P-Smad2, phospho-Smad2; IL-1β, Interleukin 1 beta; Caspase 1, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1; GSDMD, gasdermin-D.